Index: branches/vendor/third/perl/pod/perlpod.pod =================================================================== --- branches/vendor/third/perl/pod/perlpod.pod (revision 18449) +++ branches/vendor/third/perl/pod/perlpod.pod (revision 20074) @@ -270,4 +270,21 @@ be for formatting as a footnote). +=item C<=encoding I> + +This command is used for declaring the encoding of a document. Most +users won't need this; but if your encoding isn't US-ASCII or Latin-1, +then put a C<=encoding I> command early in the document so +that pod formatters will know how to decode the document. For +I, use a name recognized by the L +module. Examples: + + =encoding utf8 + + =encoding koi8-r + + =encoding ShiftJIS + + =encoding big5 + =back @@ -553,5 +570,5 @@ CEthing.dat") || die $!> - C<$foo-Ebar(); >> + C<$foo-Ebar();> This is currently supported by pod2text (Pod::Text), pod2man (Pod::Man), Index: branches/vendor/third/perl/pod/Makefile.SH =================================================================== --- branches/vendor/third/perl/pod/Makefile.SH (revision 18449) +++ branches/vendor/third/perl/pod/Makefile.SH (revision 20074) @@ -74,7 +74,4 @@ regen_pods: perlmodlib.pod toc -buildtoc: buildtoc.PL perl.pod ../MANIFEST - $(PERLILIB) buildtoc.PL - perltoc.pod: buildtoc @@ -86,5 +83,5 @@ toc perltoc.pod: buildtoc - $(PERLILIB) buildtoc + $(PERLILIB) buildtoc --build-toc .SUFFIXES: .pm .pod Index: branches/vendor/third/perl/pod/perlport.pod =================================================================== --- branches/vendor/third/perl/pod/perlport.pod (revision 18449) +++ branches/vendor/third/perl/pod/perlport.pod (revision 20074) @@ -189,10 +189,10 @@ These are just the most common definitions of C<\n> and C<\r> in Perl. -There may well be others. For example, on an EBCDIC implementation such -as z/OS or OS/400 the above material is similar to "Unix" but the code -numbers change: - - LF eq \025 eq \x15 eq chr(21) eq CP-1047 21 - LF eq \045 eq \x25 eq \cU eq chr(37) eq CP-0037 37 +There may well be others. For example, on an EBCDIC implementation +such as z/OS (OS/390) or OS/400 (using the ILE, the PASE is ASCII-based) +the above material is similar to "Unix" but the code numbers change: + + LF eq \025 eq \x15 eq \cU eq chr(21) eq CP-1047 21 + LF eq \045 eq \x25 eq chr(37) eq CP-0037 37 CR eq \015 eq \x0D eq \cM eq chr(13) eq CP-1047 13 CR eq \015 eq \x0D eq \cM eq chr(13) eq CP-0037 13 @@ -405,8 +405,10 @@ to deal with, so don't stay up late worrying about it. -Some platforms can't delete or rename files held open by the system. -Remember to C files when you are done with them. Don't -C or C an open file. Don't C or C a -file already tied or opened; C or C it first. +Some platforms can't delete or rename files held open by the system, +this limitation may also apply to changing filesystem metainformation +like file permissions or owners. Remember to C files when you +are done with them. Don't C or C an open file. Don't +C or C a file already tied or opened; C or C +it first. Don't open the same file more than once at a time for writing, as some @@ -447,5 +449,10 @@ directories. -Don't count on specific values of C<$!>. +Don't count on specific values of C<$!>, neither numeric nor +especially the strings values-- users may switch their locales causing +error messages to be translated into their languages. If you can +trust a POSIXish environment, you can portably use the symbols defined +by the Errno module, like ENOENT. And don't trust on the values of C<$!> +at all except immediately after a failed system call. =head2 Command names versus file pathnames @@ -481,4 +488,40 @@ {$thisperl .= $Config{_exe} unless $thisperl =~ m/$Config{_exe}$/i;} +=head2 Networking + +Don't assume that you can reach the public Internet. + +Don't assume that there is only one way to get through firewalls +to the public Internet. + +Don't assume that you can reach outside world through any other port +than 80, or some web proxy. ftp is blocked by many firewalls. + +Don't assume that you can send email by connecting to the local SMTP port. + +Don't assume that you can reach yourself or any node by the name +'localhost'. The same goes for '127.0.0.1'. You will have to try both. + +Don't assume that the host has only one network card, or that it +can't bind to many virtual IP addresses. + +Don't assume a particular network device name. + +Don't assume a particular set of ioctl()s will work. + +Don't assume that you can ping hosts and get replies. + +Don't assume that any particular port (service) will respond. + +Don't assume that Sys::Hostname() (or any other API or command) +returns either a fully qualified hostname or a non-qualified hostname: +it all depends on how the system had been configured. Also remember +things like DHCP and NAT-- the hostname you get back might not be very +useful. + +All the above "don't":s may look daunting, and they are -- but the key +is to degrade gracefully if one cannot reach the particular network +service one wants. Croaking or hanging do not look very professional. + =head2 Interprocess Communication (IPC) @@ -565,14 +608,22 @@ widely different ways. Don't assume the timezone is stored in C<$ENV{TZ}>, and even if it is, don't assume that you can control the timezone through -that variable. +that variable. Don't assume anything about the three-letter timezone +abbreviations (for example that MST would be the Mountain Standard Time, +it's been known to stand for Moscow Standard Time). If you need to +use timezones, express them in some unambiguous format like the +exact number of minutes offset from UTC, or the POSIX timezone +format. Don't assume that the epoch starts at 00:00:00, January 1, 1970, -because that is OS- and implementation-specific. It is better to store a date -in an unambiguous representation. The ISO-8601 standard defines -"YYYY-MM-DD" as the date format. A text representation (like "1987-12-18") -can be easily converted into an OS-specific value using a module like -Date::Parse. An array of values, such as those returned by -C, can be converted to an OS-specific representation using -Time::Local. +because that is OS- and implementation-specific. It is better to +store a date in an unambiguous representation. The ISO 8601 standard +defines YYYY-MM-DD as the date format, or YYYY-MM-DDTHH-MM-SS +(that's a literal "T" separating the date from the time). +Please do use the ISO 8601 instead of making us to guess what +date 02/03/04 might be. ISO 8601 even sorts nicely as-is. +A text representation (like "1987-12-18") can be easily converted +into an OS-specific value using a module like Date::Parse. +An array of values, such as those returned by C, can be +converted to an OS-specific representation using Time::Local. When calculating specific times, such as for tests in time or date modules, @@ -585,4 +636,7 @@ some large number. C<$offset> can then be added to a Unix time value to get what should be the proper value on any system. + +On Windows (at least), you shouldn't pass a negative value to C or +C. =head2 Character sets and character encoding @@ -611,4 +665,23 @@ users. The system affects character sets and encoding, and date and time formatting--amongst other things. + +If you really want to be international, you should consider Unicode. +See L and L for more information. + +If you want to use non-ASCII bytes (outside the bytes 0x00..0x7f) in +the "source code" of your code, to be portable you have to be explicit +about what bytes they are. Someone might for example be using your +code under a UTF-8 locale, in which case random native bytes might be +illegal ("Malformed UTF-8 ...") This means that for example embedding +ISO 8859-1 bytes beyond 0x7f into your strings might cause trouble +later. If the bytes are native 8-bit bytes, you can use the C +pragma. If the bytes are in a string (regular expression being a +curious string), you can often also use the C<\xHH> notation instead +of embedding the bytes as-is. If they are in some particular legacy +encoding (ether single-byte or something more complicated), you can +use the C pragma. (If you want to write your code in UTF-8, +you can use either the C pragma, or the C pragma.) +The C and C pragmata are available since Perl 5.6.0, and +the C pragma since Perl 5.8.0. =head2 System Resources @@ -673,10 +746,12 @@ often happens when tests spawn off other processes or call external programs to aid in the testing, or when (as noted above) the tests -assume certain things about the filesystem and paths. Be careful -not to depend on a specific output style for errors, such as when -checking C<$!> after a system call. Some platforms expect a certain -output format, and perl on those platforms may have been adjusted -accordingly. Most specifically, don't anchor a regex when testing -an error value. +assume certain things about the filesystem and paths. Be careful not +to depend on a specific output style for errors, such as when checking +C<$!> after a failed system call. Using C<$!> for anything else than +displaying it as output is doubtful (though see the Errno module for +testing reasonably portably for error value). Some platforms expect +a certain output format, and Perl on those platforms may have been +adjusted accordingly. Most specifically, don't anchor a regex when +testing an error value. =head1 CPAN Testers @@ -1157,5 +1232,7 @@ services for OS/390" (formerly known as OpenEdition), VM/ESA OpenEdition, or the BS200 POSIX-BC system (BS2000 is supported in perl 5.6 and greater). -See L for details. +See L for details. Note that for OS/400 there is also a port of +Perl 5.8.1/5.9.0 or later to the PASE which is ASCII-based (as opposed to +ILE which is EBCDIC-based), see L. As of R2.5 of USS for OS/390 and Version 2.3 of VM/ESA these Unix @@ -1469,10 +1546,4 @@ (S) -=item alarm SECONDS - -=item alarm - -Not implemented. (Win32) - =item binmode FILEHANDLE @@ -1634,4 +1705,9 @@ Not implemented. (S, Win32, VMS, VM/ESA) + +=item gethostbyname + +C does not work everywhere: you may have +to use C. (S, S) =item gethostent @@ -2070,10 +2146,11 @@ =head1 Supported Platforms -As of June 2002 (the Perl release 5.8.0), the following platforms are -able to build Perl from the standard source code distribution +As of September 2003 (the Perl release 5.8.1), the following platforms +are able to build Perl from the standard source code distribution available at http://www.cpan.org/src/index.html AIX BeOS + BSD/OS (BSDi) Cygwin DG/UX @@ -2082,24 +2159,29 @@ EPOC R5 FreeBSD + HI-UXMPP (Hitachi) (5.8.0 worked but we didn't know it) HP-UX IRIX Linux + LynxOS Mac OS Classic - Mac OS X (Darwin) + Mac OS X (Darwin) MPE/iX NetBSD NetWare NonStop-UX - ReliantUNIX (SINIX) + ReliantUNIX (formerly SINIX) OpenBSD - OpenVMS (VMS) + OpenVMS (formerly VMS) + Open UNIX (Unixware) (since Perl 5.8.1/5.9.0) OS/2 + OS/400 (using the PASE) (since Perl 5.8.1/5.9.0) PowerUX - POSIX-BC (BS2000) + POSIX-BC (formerly BS2000) QNX Solaris SunOS 4 - SUPER-UX - Tru64 UNIX (DEC OSF/1, Digital UNIX) + SUPER-UX (NEC) + SVR4 + Tru64 UNIX (formerly DEC OSF/1, Digital UNIX) UNICOS UNICOS/mk @@ -2108,5 +2190,5 @@ Win95/98/ME/2K/XP 2) WinCE - z/OS (OS/390) + z/OS (formerly OS/390) VM/ESA @@ -2116,19 +2198,16 @@ The following platforms worked with the previous releases (5.6 and 5.7), but we did not manage either to fix or to test these in time -for the 5.8.0 release. There is a very good chance that many of these -will work fine with the 5.8.0. - - BSD/OS +for the 5.8.1 release. There is a very good chance that many of these +will work fine with the 5.8.1. + DomainOS Hurd - LynxOS MachTen PowerMAX SCO SV - SVR4 Unixware Windows 3.1 -Known to be broken for 5.8.0 (but 5.6.1 and 5.7.2 can be used): +Known to be broken for 5.8.0 and 5.8.1 (but 5.6.1 and 5.7.2 can be used): AmigaOS @@ -2178,5 +2257,5 @@ Perl release - OS/400 5.005_02 + OS/400 (ILE) 5.005_02 Tandem Guardian 5.004 @@ -2200,8 +2279,9 @@ L, L, L, L, L, L, L, L, L, L, -L, L, L, L, -L, L, L, L, L, -L, L, L, L, -L, L, L, and L. +L, L, L, L, L, +L, L, L, L, +L, L, L, L, +L, L, L, L, +L, and L. =head1 AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS Index: branches/vendor/third/perl/pod/perlcheat.pod =================================================================== --- branches/vendor/third/perl/pod/perlcheat.pod (revision 20074) +++ branches/vendor/third/perl/pod/perlcheat.pod (revision 20074) @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +=head1 NAME + +perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet + +=head1 DESCRIPTION + +This 'cheat sheet' is a handy reference, meant for beginning Perl +programmers. Not everything is mentioned, but 194 features may +already be overwhelming. + +=head2 The sheet + + CONTEXTS SIGILS ARRAYS HASHES + void $scalar whole: @array %hash + scalar @array slice: @array[0, 2] @hash{'a', 'b'} + list %hash element: $array[0] $hash{'a'} + &sub + *glob SCALAR VALUES + number, string, reference, glob, undef + REFERENCES + \ references $$foo[1] aka $foo->[1] + $@%&* dereference $$foo{bar} aka $foo->{bar} + [] anon. arrayref ${$$foo[1]}[2] aka $foo->[1]->[2] + {} anon. hashref ${$$foo[1]}[2] aka $foo->[1][2] + \() list of refs + NUMBERS vs STRINGS LINKS + OPERATOR PRECEDENCE = = perl.plover.com + -> + . search.cpan.org + ++ -- == != eq ne cpan.org + ** < > <= >= lt gt le ge pm.org + ! ~ \ u+ u- <=> cmp tpj.com + =~ !~ perldoc.com + * / % x SYNTAX + + - . for (LIST) { }, for (a;b;c) { } + << >> while ( ) { }, until ( ) { } + named uops if ( ) { } elsif ( ) { } else { } + < > <= >= lt gt le ge unless ( ) { } elsif ( ) { } else { } + == != <=> eq ne cmp for equals foreach (ALWAYS) + & + | ^ REGEX METACHARS REGEX MODIFIERS + && ^ string begin /i case insens. + || $ str. end (before \n) /m line based ^$ + .. ... + one or more /s . includes \n + ?: * zero or more /x ign. wh.space + = += -= *= etc. ? zero or one /g global + , => {3,7} repeat in range + list ops () capture REGEX CHARCLASSES + not (?:) no capture . == [^\n] + and [] character class \s == [\x20\f\t\r\n] + or xor | alternation \w == [A-Za-z0-9_] + \b word boundary \d == [0-9] + \z string end \S, \W and \D negate + DO + use strict; DON'T LINKS + use warnings; "$foo" perl.com + my $var; $$variable_name perlmonks.org + open() or die $!; `$userinput` use.perl.org + use Modules; /$userinput/ perl.apache.org + parrotcode.org + FUNCTION RETURN LISTS + stat localtime caller SPECIAL VARIABLES + 0 dev 0 second 0 package $_ default variable + 1 ino 1 minute 1 filename $0 program name + 2 mode 2 hour 2 line $/ input separator + 3 nlink 3 day 3 subroutine $\ output separator + 4 uid 4 month-1 4 hasargs $| autoflush + 5 gid 5 year-1900 5 wantarray $! sys/libcall error + 6 rdev 6 weekday 6 evaltext $@ eval error + 7 size 7 yearday 7 is_require $$ process ID + 8 atime 8 is_dst 8 hints $. line number + 9 mtime 9 bitmask @ARGV command line args + 10 ctime just use @INC include paths + 11 blksz POSIX:: 3..9 only @_ subroutine args + 12 blcks strftime! with EXPR %ENV environment + +=head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS + +The first version of this document appeared on Perl Monks, where several +people had useful suggestions. Thank you, Perl Monks. + +A special thanks to Damian Conway, who didn't only suggest important changes, +but also took the time to count the number of listed features and make a +Perl 6 version to show that Perl will stay Perl. + +=head1 AUTHOR + +Juerd Waalboer , with the help of many Perl Monks. + +=head1 SEE ALSO + + http://perlmonks.org/?node_id=216602 the original PM post + http://perlmonks.org/?node_id=238031 Damian Conway's Perl 6 version + http://juerd.nl/site.plp/perlcheat home of the Perl Cheat Sheet Index: branches/vendor/third/perl/pod/perlbot.pod =================================================================== --- branches/vendor/third/perl/pod/perlbot.pod (revision 10723) +++ branches/vendor/third/perl/pod/perlbot.pod (revision 20074) @@ -11,5 +11,6 @@ methodology. This is not intended as a tutorial for object-oriented programming or as a comprehensive guide to Perl's object oriented features, -nor should it be construed as a style guide. +nor should it be construed as a style guide. If you're looking for tutorials, +be sure to read L, L, and L. The Perl motto still holds: There's more than one way to do it. @@ -242,4 +243,7 @@ $foo->goo; $foo->google; + +Note that C refers to the superclasses of the current package +(C), not to the superclasses of C<$self>. @@ -526,2 +530,6 @@ $foo{'bar'} = 123; print "foo-bar = $foo{'bar'}\n"; + +=head1 SEE ALSO + +L, L, L. Index: branches/vendor/third/perl/pod/perltoc.pod =================================================================== --- branches/vendor/third/perl/pod/perltoc.pod (revision 18449) +++ branches/vendor/third/perl/pod/perltoc.pod (revision 20074) @@ -1,2 +1,6 @@ + +# !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!! +# This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods. +# Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes. =head1 NAME @@ -104,36 +108,668 @@ =back -=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11 -21:32:23 $) - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 - -=item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ. - -=item L: General Questions About Perl - -=item L: Obtaining and Learning about Perl - -=item L: Programming Tools - -=item L: Data Manipulation - -=item L: Files and Formats - -=item L: Regular Expressions - -=item L: General Perl Language Issues - -=item L: System Interaction - -=item L: Networking - -=back - -=item About the perlfaq documents +=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? + +=item The Solution + +=item Syntax + +=over 4 + +=item Making References + +=item Using References + +=item An Example + +=item Arrow Rule + +=back + +=item Solution + +=item The Rest + +=item Summary + +=item Credits + +=over 4 + +=item Distribution Conditions + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, +more elaborate constructs + +=item REFERENCES + +=item COMMON MISTAKES + +=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE + +=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C + +=item DEBUGGING + +=item CODE EXAMPLES + +=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS + +=over 4 + +=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS + +=item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS + +=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS + +=back + +=item HASHES OF ARRAYS + +=over 4 + +=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS + +=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS + +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS + +=back + +=item ARRAYS OF HASHES + +=over 4 + +=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES + +=item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES + +=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES + +=back + +=item HASHES OF HASHES + +=over 4 + +=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES + +=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES + +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES + +=back + +=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS + +=over 4 + +=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS + +=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS + +=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS + +=back + +=item Database Ties + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays + +=item Growing Your Own + +=item Access and Printing + +=item Slices + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item The Guide + +=over 4 + +=item Simple word matching + +=item Using character classes + +=item Matching this or that + +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching + +=item Extracting matches + +=item Matching repetitions + +=item More matching + +=item Search and replace + +=item The split operator + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=over 4 + +=item Acknowledgments + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Part 1: The basics + +=over 4 + +=item Simple word matching + +=item Using character classes + +=item Matching this or that + +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching + +=item Extracting matches + +=item Matching repetitions + +=item Building a regexp + +=item Using regular expressions in Perl + +=back + +=item Part 2: Power tools + +=over 4 + +=item More on characters, strings, and character classes + +=item Compiling and saving regular expressions + +=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression + +=item Non-capturing groupings + +=item Looking ahead and looking behind + +=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking + +=item Conditional expressions + +=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression + +=item Pragmas and debugging + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=over 4 + +=item Acknowledgments + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item If we could talk to the animals... + +=item Introducing the method invocation arrow + +=item Invoking a barnyard + +=item The extra parameter of method invocation + +=item Calling a second method to simplify things + +=item Inheriting the windpipes + +=item A few notes about @ISA + +=item Overriding the methods + +=item Starting the search from a different place + +=item The SUPER way of doing things + +=item Where we're at so far... + +=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? + +=item Invoking an instance method + +=item Accessing the instance data + +=item How to build a horse + +=item Inheriting the constructor + +=item Making a method work with either classes or instances + +=item Adding parameters to a method + +=item More interesting instances + +=item A horse of a different color + +=item Summary + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Creating a Class + +=over 4 + +=item Object Representation + +=item Class Interface + +=item Constructors and Instance Methods + +=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors + +=item Destructors + +=item Other Object Methods + +=back + +=item Class Data + +=over 4 + +=item Accessing Class Data + +=item Debugging Methods + +=item Class Destructors + +=item Documenting the Interface + +=back + +=item Aggregation + +=item Inheritance + +=over 4 + +=item Overridden Methods + +=item Multiple Inheritance + +=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects + +=back + +=item Alternate Object Representations + +=over 4 + +=item Arrays as Objects + +=item Closures as Objects + +=back + +=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods + +=over 4 + +=item Autoloaded Data Methods + +=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods + +=back + +=item Metaclassical Tools + +=over 4 + +=item Class::Struct + +=item Data Members as Variables + +=back + +=item NOTES + +=over 4 + +=item Object Terminology + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=over 4 + +=item Acknowledgments + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Class Data in a Can + +=item Class Data as Package Variables + +=over 4 + +=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket + +=item Inheritance Concerns + +=item The Eponymous Meta-Object + +=item Indirect References to Class Data + +=item Monadic Classes + +=item Translucent Attributes + +=back + +=item Class Data as Lexical Variables + +=over 4 + +=item Privacy and Responsibility + +=item File-Scoped Lexicals + +=item More Inheritance Concerns + +=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key + +=item Translucency Revisited + +=back + +=item NOTES + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OO SCALING TIPS + +=item INSTANCE VARIABLES + +=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES + +=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE + +=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS + +=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS + +=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM + +=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE + +=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT + +=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR + +=item DELEGATION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item The sheet + +=back + +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Awk Traps + +=item C/C++ Traps + +=item Sed Traps + +=item Shell Traps + +=item Perl Traps + +=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps + +Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical +Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, +Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, +Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps + +=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps + +Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, +Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, +Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance + +=item Parsing Traps + +Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing + +=item Numerical Traps + +Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops + +=item General data type traps + +(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), +(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) + +=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts + +(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) + +=item Precedence Traps + +Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, +Precedence + +=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. + +Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular +Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, +Regular Expression, Regular Expression + +=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps + +(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle + +=item OS Traps + +(SysV), (SysV) + +=item Interpolation Traps + +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation + +=item DBM Traps + +DBM, DBM + +=item Unclassified Traps + +C/C trap using returned value, C on empty string with +LIMIT specified + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item use strict + +=item Looking at data and -w and v + +=item help + +=item Stepping through code + +=item Placeholder for a, w, t, T + +=item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS + +=item OUTPUT TIPS + +=item CGI + +=item GUIs + +=item SUMMARY + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item CONTRIBUTORS + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/31 +17:37:17 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION =over 4 @@ -160,17 +796,889 @@ =back -=item Changes - -1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, -24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, -Initial Release: 11/March/97 - -=back - -=head2 perlbook - Perl book information - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Table of Contents + +perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2 +- Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4 +- Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular +Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System +Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking + +=item The Questions + +=over 4 + +=item L: General Questions About Perl + +=item L: Obtaining and Learning about Perl + +=item L: Programming Tools + +=item L: Data Manipulation + +=item L: Files and Formats + +=item L: Regular Expressions + +=item L: General Perl Language Issues + +=item L: System Interaction + +=item L: Networking + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.1.1.5 $, $Date: +2003/11/23 08:02:29 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item What is Perl? + +=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? + +=item Which version of Perl should I use? + +=item What are perl4 and perl5? + +=item What is Ponie? + +=item What is perl6? + +=item How stable is Perl? + +=item Is Perl difficult to learn? + +=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, +Scheme, or Tcl? + +=item Can I do [task] in Perl? + +=item When shouldn't I program in Perl? + +=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? + +=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? + +=item What is a JAPH? + +=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? + +=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version +5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.1.1.5 $, +$Date: 2004-02-09 19:10:47 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? + +=item How can I get a binary version of Perl? + +=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? + +=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts +don't work. + +=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic +loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? + +=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? +What does CPAN/src/... mean? + +=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? + +=item Where can I get information on Perl? + +=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? + +=item Where should I post source code? + +=item Perl Books + +References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics + +=item Perl in Magazines + +=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access + +=item What mailing lists are there for Perl? + +=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc + +=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? + +=item Where do I send bug reports? + +=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.1.1.5 $, $Date: 2003/11/24 +19:55:50 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item How do I do (anything)? + +=item How can I use Perl interactively? + +=item Is there a Perl shell? + +=item How do I find which modules are installed on my system? + +=item How do I debug my Perl programs? + +=item How do I profile my Perl programs? + +=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? + +=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? + +=item Is there a ctags for Perl? + +=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? + +Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl, +GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, +MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha + +=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? + +=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? + +=item How can I use curses with Perl? + +=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? + +=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? + +=item How can I make my Perl program run faster? + +=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? + +Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and +stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk + +=item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data? + +=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? + +=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? + +=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? + +=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? + +=item How can I compile Perl into Java? + +=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? + +=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? + +=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? + +=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? + +=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? + +=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] + +=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in +my C program; what am I doing wrong? + +=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean? + +=item What's MakeMaker? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.1.1.5 $, $Date: 2003/11/30 +00:50:08 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Data: Numbers + +=over 4 + +=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the +numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? + +=item Why is int() broken? + +=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? + +=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? +Trig functions? + +=item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes? + +How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to +hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from +decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert +from decimal to binary + +=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? + +=item How do I multiply matrices? + +=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? + +=item How can I output Roman numerals? + +=item Why aren't my random numbers random? + +=item How do I get a random number between X and Y? + +=back + +=item Data: Dates + +=over 4 + +=item How do I find the day or week of the year? + +=item How do I find the current century or millennium? + +=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? + +=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? + +=item How can I find the Julian Day? + +=item How do I find yesterday's date? + +=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? + +=back + +=item Data: Strings + +=over 4 + +=item How do I validate input? + +=item How do I unescape a string? + +=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? + +=item How do I expand function calls in a string? + +=item How do I find matching/nesting anything? + +=item How do I reverse a string? + +=item How do I expand tabs in a string? + +=item How do I reformat a paragraph? + +=item How can I access or change N characters of a string? + +=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? + +=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a +string? + +=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? + +=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside +[character]? + +=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? + +=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? + +=item How do I extract selected columns from a string? + +=item How do I find the soundex value of a string? + +=item How can I expand variables in text strings? + +=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? + +=item Why don't my EEHERE documents work? + +There must be no space after the EE part, There (probably) should +be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of +the tag + +=back + +=item Data: Arrays + +=over 4 + +=item What is the difference between a list and an array? + +=item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]? + +=item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? + +a), b), c), d), e) + +=item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or +array? + +=item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the +intersection of two arrays? + +=item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal? + +=item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true? + +=item How do I handle linked lists? + +=item How do I handle circular lists? + +=item How do I shuffle an array randomly? + +=item How do I process/modify each element of an array? + +=item How do I select a random element from an array? + +=item How do I permute N elements of a list? + +=item How do I sort an array by (anything)? + +=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits? + +=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? + +=back + +=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) + +=over 4 + +=item How do I process an entire hash? + +=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over +it? + +=item How do I look up a hash element by value? + +=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash? + +=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? + +=item How can I always keep my hash sorted? + +=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? + +=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction? + +=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through? + +=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? + +=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? + +=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? + +=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create +it? + +=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or +array of hashes or arrays? + +=item How can I use a reference as a hash key? + +=back + +=item Data: Misc + +=over 4 + +=item How do I handle binary data correctly? + +=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? + +=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls? + +=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? + +=item How do I define methods for every class/object? + +=item How do I verify a credit card checksum? + +=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.1.1.5 $, $Date: 2003/11/23 +08:07:46 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? + +=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a +line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? + +=item How do I count the number of lines in a file? + +=item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program? + +=item How do I make a temporary file name? + +=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? + +=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass +filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? + +=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly? + +=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? + +=item How can I write() into a string? + +=item How can I output my numbers with commas added? + +=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? + +=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? + +=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use +E*E? + +=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? + +=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? + +=item How can I reliably rename a file? + +=item How can I lock a file? + +=item Why can't I just open(FH, "Efile.lock")? + +=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in +the file. How can I do this? + +=item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a +file. Do I still have to use locking? + +=item How do I randomly update a binary file? + +=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? + +=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? + +=item How do I print to more than one file at once? + +=item How can I read in an entire file all at once? + +=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? + +=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? + +=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? + +=item How do I do a C in perl? + +=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? + +=item How do I close a file descriptor by number? + +=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't +`C:\temp\foo.exe` work? + +=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? + +=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber +protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? + +=item How do I select a random line from a file? + +=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.1.1.5 $, $Date: 2003/01/03 +20:05:28 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible +and unmaintainable code? + +Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters + +=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? + +=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on +different lines? + +=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? + +=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving +case on the RHS? + +=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? + +=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C? + +=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? + +=item What is C really for? + +=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a +file? + +=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? + +=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? + +=item How do I process each word on each line? + +=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? + +=item How can I do approximate matching? + +=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? + +=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? + +=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? + +=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? + +=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? + +=item What's wrong with using grep in a void context? + +=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? + +=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.1.1.5 $, $Date: +2003/07/24 02:17:21 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? + +=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to +use them? + +=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and +commas? + +=item How do I skip some return values? + +=item How do I temporarily block warnings? + +=item What's an extension? + +=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? + +=item How do I declare/create a structure? + +=item How do I create a module? + +=item How do I create a class? + +=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted? + +=item What's a closure? + +=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? + +=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, +Regex}? + +Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, +Passing Methods + +=item How do I create a static variable? + +=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? +Between local() and my()? + +=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical +is in scope? + +=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? + +=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = EFILEE;" work right? + +=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? + +=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? + +=item How do I create a switch or case statement? + +=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or +methods? + +=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found? + +=item How can I find out my current package? + +=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code? + +=item How do I clear a package? + +=item How can I use a variable as a variable name? + +=item What does "bad interpreter" mean? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.1.1.5 $, $Date: 2003/01/26 +17:44:04 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? + +=item How come exec() doesn't return? + +=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? + +Keyboard, Screen, Mouse + +=item How do I print something out in color? + +=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? + +=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? + +=item How do I clear the screen? + +=item How do I get the screen size? + +=item How do I ask the user for a password? + +=item How do I read and write the serial port? + +lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input + +=item How do I decode encrypted password files? + +=item How do I start a process in the background? + +STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies + +=item How do I trap control characters/signals? + +=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? + +=item How do I set the time and date? + +=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? + +=item How can I measure time under a second? + +=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) + +=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What +does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? + +=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? + +=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? + +=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? + +=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? + +=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? + +=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command? + +=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? + +=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? + +=item How can I call backticks without shell processing? + +=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, +^Z on MS-DOS)? + +=item How can I convert my shell script to perl? + +=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? + +=item How can I write expect in Perl? + +=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as +"ps"? + +=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How +come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my +changes to be visible? + +Unix + +=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to +complete? + +=item How do I fork a daemon process? + +=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? + +=item How do I timeout a slow event? + +=item How do I set CPU limits? + +=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? + +=item How do I use an SQL database? + +=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C? + +=item How do I open a file without blocking? + +=item How do I install a module from CPAN? + +=item What's the difference between require and use? + +=item How do I keep my own module/library directory? + +=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library +search path? + +=item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime? + +=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.1.1.5 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 17:36:57 +$) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script? + +=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 +Server Error) + +=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? + +=item How do I remove HTML from a string? + +=item How do I extract URLs? + +=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a +file on another machine? + +=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? + +=item How do I fetch an HTML file? + +=item How do I automate an HTML form submission? + +=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? + +=item How do I redirect to another page? + +=item How do I put a password on my web pages? + +=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? + +=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my +CGI script to do bad things? + +=item How do I parse a mail header? + +=item How do I decode a CGI form? + +=item How do I check a valid mail address? + +=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? + +=item How do I return the user's mail address? + +=item How do I send mail? + +=item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message? + +=item How do I read mail? + +=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? + +=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? + +=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file? + +=item How can I do RPC in Perl? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back @@ -186,7 +1694,13 @@ =item Declarations -=item Simple statements - -=item Compound statements +=item Comments + +=item Simple Statements + +=item Truth and Falsehood + +=item Statement Modifiers + +=item Compound Statements =item Loop Control @@ -226,4 +1740,6 @@ =item List value constructors +=item Subscripts + =item Slices @@ -240,9 +1756,9 @@ =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Operator Precedence and Associativity =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) @@ -399,5 +1915,5 @@ =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions -I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept +-I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, abs VALUE, abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless @@ -462,5 +1978,5 @@ (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr -EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek @@ -480,174 +1996,151 @@ =back -=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? - -=item The Solution - -=item Syntax - -=over 4 - -=item Making References - -=item Using References - -=back - -=item An Example - -=item Arrow Rule - -=item Solution - -=item The Rest - -=item Summary - -=item Credits - -=over 4 - -=item Distribution Conditions - -=back - -=back - -=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, -more elaborate constructs - -=item REFERENCES - -=item COMMON MISTAKES - -=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE - -=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C - -=item DEBUGGING - -=item CODE EXAMPLES - -=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS - -=over 4 - -=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS - -=item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS - -=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS - -=back - -=item HASHES OF ARRAYS - -=over 4 - -=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS - -=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS - -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS - -=back - -=item ARRAYS OF HASHES - -=over 4 - -=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES - -=item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES - -=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES - -=back - -=item HASHES OF HASHES - -=over 4 - -=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES - -=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES - -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES - -=back - -=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS - -=over 4 - -=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS - -=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS - -=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS - -=back - -=item Database Ties - -=item SEE ALSO - -=item AUTHOR - -=back - -=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item The Guide - -=over 4 - -=item Simple word matching - -=item Using character classes - -=item Matching this or that - -=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching - -=item Extracting matches - -=item Matching repetitions - -=item More matching - -=item Search and replace - -=item The split operator - -=back - -=item BUGS - -=item SEE ALSO - -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT - -=over 4 - -=item Acknowledgments - -=back +=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Open E la shell + +=over 4 + +=item Simple Opens + +=item Indirect Filehandles + +=item Pipe Opens + +=item The Minus File + +=item Mixing Reads and Writes + +=item Filters + +=back + +=item Open E la C + +=over 4 + +=item Permissions E la mode + +=back + +=item Obscure Open Tricks + +=over 4 + +=item Re-Opening Files (dups) + +=item Dispelling the Dweomer + +=item Paths as Opens + +=item Single Argument Open + +=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT + +=back + +=item Other I/O Issues + +=over 4 + +=item Opening Non-File Files + +=item Opening Named Pipes + +=item Opening Sockets + +=item Binary Files + +=item File Locking + +=item IO Layers + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C and C + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item The Basic Principle + +=item Packing Text + +=item Packing Numbers + +=over 4 + +=item Integers + +=item Unpacking a Stack Frame + +=item How to Eat an Egg on a Net + +=item Floating point Numbers + +=back + +=item Exotic Templates + +=over 4 + +=item Bit Strings + +=item Uuencoding + +=item Doing Sums + +=item Unicode + +=item Another Portable Binary Encoding + +=back + +=item Template Grouping + +=item Lengths and Widths + +=over 4 + +=item String Lengths + +=item Dynamic Templates + +=item Counting Repetitions + +=back + +=item Packing and Unpacking C Structures + +=over 4 + +=item The Alignment Pit + +=item Alignment, Take 2 + +=item Alignment, Take 3 + +=item Pointers for How to Use Them + +=back + +=item Pack Recipes + +=item Funnies Section + +=item Authors =back @@ -670,5 +2163,6 @@ Text>>, C<=head4 I>, C<=over I>, C<=item I>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I>, C<=end -I>, C<=for I I> +I>, C<=for I I>, C<=encoding +I> =item Formatting Codes @@ -707,5 +2201,6 @@ "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item", -"=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..." +"=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...", +"=encoding encodingname" =item Pod Formatting Codes @@ -734,97 +2229,4 @@ =back -=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=back - -=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 - -=item Awk Traps - -=item C Traps - -=item Sed Traps - -=item Shell Traps - -=item Perl Traps - -=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps - -Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical -Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, -Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, -Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps - -=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps - -Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, -Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, -Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance - -=item Parsing Traps - -Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing - -=item Numerical Traps - -Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops - -=item General data type traps - -(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), -(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) - -=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts - -(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) - -=item Precedence Traps - -Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, -Precedence - -=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. - -Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular -Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, -Regular Expression - -=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps - -(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle - -=item OS Traps - -(SysV), (SysV) - -=item Interpolation Traps - -Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, -Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation - -=item DBM Traps - -DBM, DBM - -=item Unclassified Traps - -C/C trap using returned value, C on empty string with -LIMIT specified - -=back - -=back - =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter @@ -845,8 +2247,9 @@ =item Command Switches -B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, -B<-D>I, B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, -B<-h>, B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], -B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, +B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-C [I]>, B<-c>, B<-d>, +B<-d:>I, B<-D>I, B<-D>I, B<-e> +I, B<-F>I, B<-h>, B<-i>[I], +B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], B<-m>[B<->]I, +B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-W>, @@ -858,8 +2261,9 @@ HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap, -:perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB, +:perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, -PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), -SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) +PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_DL_NONLAZY, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED, +PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS, +PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) =back @@ -904,38 +2308,4 @@ =item AUTHOR - -=back - -=head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item use strict - -=item Looking at data and -w and v - -=item help - -=item Stepping through code - -=item Placeholder for a, w, t, T - -=item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS - -=item OUTPUT TIPS - -=item CGI - -=item GUIs - -=item SUMMARY - -=item SEE ALSO - -=item AUTHOR - -=item CONTRIBUTORS =back @@ -960,7 +2330,8 @@ compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [ -command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ -command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source file, H -number, q -or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage] +command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [ +command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source +file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man +[manpage] =item Configurable Options @@ -1012,5 +2383,5 @@ $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', -$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, +$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $*, HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, @@ -1018,5 +2389,5 @@ IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, -$\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, +$\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#, HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, @@ -1037,8 +2408,8 @@ $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, -0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, -$BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, -${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV, -$ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, +0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, +$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE}, +$PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, +ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} @@ -1050,234 +2421,4 @@ =item BUGS - -=back - -=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 - -=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays - -=item Growing Your Own - -=item Access and Printing - -=item Slices - -=back - -=item SEE ALSO - -=item AUTHOR - -=back - -=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item Open E la shell - -=over 4 - -=item Simple Opens - -=item Pipe Opens - -=item The Minus File - -=item Mixing Reads and Writes - -=item Filters - -=back - -=item Open E la C - -=over 4 - -=item Permissions E la mode - -=back - -=item Obscure Open Tricks - -=over 4 - -=item Re-Opening Files (dups) - -=item Dispelling the Dweomer - -=item Paths as Opens - -=item Single Argument Open - -=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT - -=back - -=item Other I/O Issues - -=over 4 - -=item Opening Non-File Files - -=item Binary Files - -=item File Locking - -=item IO Layers - -=back - -=item SEE ALSO - -=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT - -=item HISTORY - -=back - -=head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C and C - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item The Basic Principle - -=item Packing Text - -=item Packing Numbers - -=over 4 - -=item Integers - -=item Unpacking a Stack Frame - -=item How to Eat an Egg on a Net - -=item Floating point Numbers - -=back - -=item Exotic Templates - -=over 4 - -=item Bit Strings - -=item Uuencoding - -=item Doing Sums - -=item Unicode - -=item Another Portable Binary Encoding - -=back - -=item Lengths and Widths - -=over 4 - -=item String Lengths - -=item Dynamic Templates - -=back - -=item Packing and Unpacking C Structures - -=over 4 - -=item The Alignment Pit - -=item Alignment, Take 2 - -=item Alignment, Take 3 - -=item Pointers for How to Use Them - -=back - -=item Pack Recipes - -=item Funnies Section - -=item Authors - -=back - -=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item Part 1: The basics - -=over 4 - -=item Simple word matching - -=item Using character classes - -=item Matching this or that - -=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching - -=item Extracting matches - -=item Matching repetitions - -=item Building a regexp - -=item Using regular expressions in Perl - -=back - -=item Part 2: Power tools - -=over 4 - -=item More on characters, strings, and character classes - -=item Compiling and saving regular expressions - -=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression - -=item Non-capturing groupings - -=item Looking ahead and looking behind - -=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking - -=item Conditional expressions - -=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression - -=item Pragmas and debugging - -=back - -=item BUGS - -=item SEE ALSO - -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT - -=over 4 - -=item Acknowledgments - -=back =back @@ -1329,4 +2470,42 @@ =back +=head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item OPERATORS + +=item SYNTAX + +=item ESCAPE SEQUENCES + +=item CHARACTER CLASSES + +=item ANCHORS + +=item QUANTIFIERS + +=item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS + +=item VARIABLES + +=item FUNCTIONS + +=item TERMINOLOGY + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item THANKS + +=back + =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures @@ -1385,246 +2564,30 @@ =back -=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 - -=item If we could talk to the animals... - -=item Introducing the method invocation arrow - -=item Invoking a barnyard - -=item The extra parameter of method invocation - -=item Calling a second method to simplify things - -=item Inheriting the windpipes - -=item A few notes about @ISA - -=item Overriding the methods - -=item Starting the search from a different place - -=item The SUPER way of doing things - -=item Where we're at so far... - -=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? - -=item Invoking an instance method - -=item Accessing the instance data - -=item How to build a horse - -=item Inheriting the constructor - -=item Making a method work with either classes or instances - -=item Adding parameters to a method - -=item More interesting instances - -=item A horse of a different color +=head2 perlobj - Perl objects + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item An Object is Simply a Reference + +=item A Class is Simply a Package + +=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine + +=item Method Invocation + +=item Indirect Object Syntax + +=item Default UNIVERSAL methods + +isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) + +=item Destructors =item Summary -=back - -=item SEE ALSO - -=item COPYRIGHT - -=back - -=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item Creating a Class - -=over 4 - -=item Object Representation - -=item Class Interface - -=item Constructors and Instance Methods - -=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors - -=item Destructors - -=item Other Object Methods - -=back - -=item Class Data - -=over 4 - -=item Accessing Class Data - -=item Debugging Methods - -=item Class Destructors - -=item Documenting the Interface - -=back - -=item Aggregation - -=item Inheritance - -=over 4 - -=item Overridden Methods - -=item Multiple Inheritance - -=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects - -=back - -=item Alternate Object Representations - -=over 4 - -=item Arrays as Objects - -=item Closures as Objects - -=back - -=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods - -=over 4 - -=item Autoloaded Data Methods - -=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods - -=back - -=item Metaclassical Tools - -=over 4 - -=item Class::Struct - -=item Data Members as Variables - -=back - -=item NOTES - -=over 4 - -=item Object Terminology - -=back - -=item SEE ALSO - -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT - -=item COPYRIGHT - -=over 4 - -=item Acknowledgments - -=back - -=back - -=head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item Class Data in a Can - -=item Class Data as Package Variables - -=over 4 - -=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket - -=item Inheritance Concerns - -=item The Eponymous Meta-Object - -=item Indirect References to Class Data - -=item Monadic Classes - -=item Translucent Attributes - -=back - -=item Class Data as Lexical Variables - -=over 4 - -=item Privacy and Responsibility - -=item File-Scoped Lexicals - -=item More Inheritance Concerns - -=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key - -=item Translucency Revisited - -=back - -=item NOTES - -=item SEE ALSO - -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT - -=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - -=item HISTORY - -=back - -=head2 perlobj - Perl objects - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 - -=item An Object is Simply a Reference - -=item A Class is Simply a Package - -=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine - -=item Method Invocation - -=item Indirect Object Syntax - -=item Default UNIVERSAL methods - -isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) - -=item Destructors - -=item Summary - =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection @@ -1632,34 +2595,4 @@ =item SEE ALSO - -=back - -=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item OO SCALING TIPS - -=item INSTANCE VARIABLES - -=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES - -=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE - -=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS - -=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS - -=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM - -=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE - -=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT - -=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR - -=item DELEGATION =back @@ -1692,5 +2625,5 @@ USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY -this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this +this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, SCALAR this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this =item Tying FileHandles @@ -1714,4 +2647,31 @@ =back +=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +B, B, B, +B + +=over 4 + +=item The Filter + +=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. + +=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) @@ -1733,8 +2693,8 @@ =over 4 -=item Deferred Signals - -Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals -triggered by operating system state +=item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals) + +Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as +"faults", Signals triggered by operating system state =back @@ -1887,6 +2847,4 @@ =back -=item Native threads - =item What kind of threads are Perl threads? @@ -1903,40 +2861,40 @@ =item Creating Threads +=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit + +=item Ignoring A Thread + +=back + +=item Threads And Data + +=over 4 + +=item Shared And Unshared Data + +=item Thread Pitfalls: Races + +=back + +=item Synchronization and control + +=over 4 + +=item Controlling access: lock() + +=item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks + +=item Queues: Passing Data Around + +=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access + +=item Basic semaphores + +=item Advanced Semaphores + +=item cond_wait() and cond_signal() + =item Giving up control -=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit - -=item Ignoring A Thread - -=back - -=item Threads And Data - -=over 4 - -=item Shared And Unshared Data - -=item Thread Pitfalls: Races - -=back - -=item Synchronization and control - -=over 4 - -=item Controlling access: lock() - -=item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks - -=item Queues: Passing Data Around - -=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access - -=item Basic semaphores - -=item Advanced Semaphores - -=item cond_wait() and cond_signal() - =back @@ -1956,4 +2914,6 @@ =item A Complete Example + +=item Different implementations of threads =item Performance considerations @@ -2124,4 +3084,6 @@ =item Command names versus file pathnames +=item Networking + =item Interprocess Communication (IPC) @@ -2177,21 +3139,21 @@ =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions --I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode -FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt -PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec -LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock -FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority -WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, -getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, -getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, -getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, -setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, -endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob -EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link -OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, -msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open -FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink -EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, -semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, +-I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown +LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen +HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, +getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, +getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, +getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, +gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent +STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, +endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, +getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat +FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd +ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open +FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select +RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget +KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, @@ -2379,5 +3341,6 @@ Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C still needed to -enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts +enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, C needed to upgrade +non-Latin-1 byte strings =item Byte and Character Semantics @@ -2403,4 +3366,8 @@ =item Locales +=item When Unicode Does Not Happen + +=item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl) + =item Using Unicode in XS @@ -2417,4 +3384,6 @@ =item Speed +=item Porting code from perl-5.6.X + =back @@ -2525,7 +3494,7 @@ =over 4 -=item OS/400 - -IFS access +=item OS/400 + +PASE, IFS access =item OS/390, z/OS @@ -2563,4 +3532,6 @@ =item Switches On the "#!" Line +=item Taint mode and @INC + =item Cleaning Up Your Path @@ -2571,4 +3542,6 @@ =item Unicode +=item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks + =back @@ -2589,5 +3562,5 @@ =item Symbol Tables -=item Package Constructors and Destructors +=item BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END =item Perl Classes @@ -2603,34 +3576,7 @@ =back -=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 - -=item PREAMBLE - -B the file, B the file into a directory, B the -module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module - -=back - -=item PORTABILITY - -=item HEY - -=item AUTHOR - -=item COPYRIGHT - -=back - =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones =over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY @@ -2642,6 +3588,6 @@ attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer, -less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, -threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register +less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, +threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register =item Standard Modules @@ -2653,44 +3599,63 @@ CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, -Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, -DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, -Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, -ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, -ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, -ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS, -ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, -ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, -ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, -ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, -ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, -File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, -File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, -File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, -File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, -Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, -I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, -IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, -Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, -Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc, -Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, -Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, -Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, -Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, -Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, -Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, -PerlIO, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, -Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, -Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, -Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, -SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, -Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, -Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert, -Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple, -Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, -Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, -Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, -Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, -Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, -Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32 +Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf, +Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5, +Digest::base, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, +Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, +Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding, +Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, +Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO, +Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode, +Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, +ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant, +ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, +ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, +ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, +ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, +ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, +ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial, +ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish, +ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, +ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, +File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, +File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, +File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, +File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, +FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File, +Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, +I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, +IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET, +IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg, +IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, +Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, +Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64, +MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, +Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, +Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, +Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, +Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, +Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, +Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, +Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, PerlIO::encoding, +PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, +Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, +Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, +Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff, +Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText, +Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer, +Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, +Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util, +Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, +Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, +Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, +Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, +Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, +Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, +Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, +Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, +Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, +Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, +Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap, +XSLoader =item Extension Modules @@ -2708,6 +3673,6 @@ =item Asia -China, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Russian -Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand +China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi +Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand =item Central America @@ -2717,24 +3682,21 @@ =item Europe -Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, -Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, -Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, -Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United -Kingdom +Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech +Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, +Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, +Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, +Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom =item North America -Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico - -=item United States - +Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States, Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, -Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, -North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, -Utah, Virginia, ashington, Wisconsin +Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, +North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, +Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin =item Oceania -Australia, New Zealand +Australia, New Zealand, United States =item South America @@ -2824,4 +3786,7 @@ =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs +perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build, +perl Build test, perl Build install + =back @@ -2856,8 +3821,34 @@ =item SEE ALSO -L, L, L, L, Testing tools, -http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering - -=item AUTHOR +L, L, L, L, Packaging Tools, +Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software +engineering + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item PREAMBLE + +B the file, B the file into a directory, B the +module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module + +=back + +=item PORTABILITY + +=item HEY + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT =back @@ -2898,843 +3889,35 @@ =back -=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.1.1.4 $, $Date: -2002/04/07 18:46:13 $) - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 - -=item What is Perl? - -=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? - -=item Which version of Perl should I use? - -=item What are perl4 and perl5? - -=item What is perl6? - -=item How stable is Perl? - -=item Is Perl difficult to learn? - -=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, -Scheme, or Tcl? - -=item Can I do [task] in Perl? - -=item When shouldn't I program in Perl? - -=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? - -=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? - -=item What is a JAPH? - -=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? - -=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version -5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language? - -=back - -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT - -=back - -=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.1.1.4 $, -$Date: 2003-01-10 13:46:05 $) - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 - -=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? - -=item How can I get a binary version of Perl? - -=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? - -=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts -don't work. - -=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic -loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? - -=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? -What does CPAN/src/... mean? - -=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? - -=item Where can I get information on Perl? - -=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? - -=item Where should I post source code? - -=item Perl Books - -References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics - -=item Perl in Magazines - -=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access - -=item What mailing lists are there for Perl? - -=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc - -=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? - -=item Where do I send bug reports? - -=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org? - -=back - -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT - -=back - -=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.1.1.4 $, $Date: 2002/05/06 -13:11:13 $) - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 - -=item How do I do (anything)? - -=item How can I use Perl interactively? - -=item Is there a Perl shell? - -=item How do I debug my Perl programs? - -=item How do I profile my Perl programs? - -=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? - -=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? - -=item Is there a ctags for Perl? - -=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? - -Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl, -CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, -MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha - -=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? - -=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? - -=item How can I use curses with Perl? - -=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? - -=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? - -=item How can I make my Perl program run faster? - -=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? - -Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and -stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk - -=item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data? - -=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? - -=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? - -=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? - -=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? - -=item How can I compile Perl into Java? - -=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? - -=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? - -=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? - -=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? - -=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? - -=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] - -=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in -my C program; what am I doing wrong? - -=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean? - -=item What's MakeMaker? - -=back - -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT - -=back - -=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.1.1.4 $, $Date: 2002/05/30 -07:04:25 $) - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item Data: Numbers - -=over 4 - -=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the -numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? - -=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? - -=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? -Trig functions? - -=item How do I convert between numeric representations? - -How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to -hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from -decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert -from decimal to binary - -=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? - -=item How do I multiply matrices? - -=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? - -=item How can I output Roman numerals? - -=item Why aren't my random numbers random? - -=item How do I get a random number between X and Y? - -=back - -=item Data: Dates - -=over 4 - -=item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? - -=item How do I find the current century or millennium? - -=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? - -=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? - -=item How can I find the Julian Day? - -=item How do I find yesterday's date? - -=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? - -=back - -=item Data: Strings - -=over 4 - -=item How do I validate input? - -=item How do I unescape a string? - -=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? - -=item How do I expand function calls in a string? - -=item How do I find matching/nesting anything? - -=item How do I reverse a string? - -=item How do I expand tabs in a string? - -=item How do I reformat a paragraph? - -=item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string? - -=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? - -=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a -string? - -=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? - -=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside -[character]? (Comma-separated files) - -=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? - -=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? - -=item How do I extract selected columns from a string? - -=item How do I find the soundex value of a string? - -=item How can I expand variables in text strings? - -=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? - -=item Why don't my <? - -=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? - -=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? - -=item How can I reliably rename a file? - -=item How can I lock a file? - -=item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")? - -=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in -the file. How can I do this? - -=item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a -file. Do I still have to use locking? - -=item How do I randomly update a binary file? - -=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? - -=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? - -=item How do I print to more than one file at once? - -=item How can I read in an entire file all at once? - -=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? - -=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? - -=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? - -=item How do I do a C in perl? - -=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? - -=item How do I close a file descriptor by number? - -=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't -`C:\temp\foo.exe` work? - -=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? - -=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber -protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? - -=item How do I select a random line from a file? - -=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? - -=back - -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT - -=back - -=head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.1.1.4 $, $Date: 2002/06/01 -22:31:09 $) - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 - -=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible -and unmaintainable code? - -Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters - -=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? - -=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on -different lines? - -=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? - -=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving -case on the RHS? - -=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? - -=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C? - -=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? - -=item What is C really for? - -=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a -file? - -=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? - -=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? - -=item How do I process each word on each line? - -=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? - -=item How can I do approximate matching? - -=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? - -=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? - -=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? - -=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? - -=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? - -=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context? - -=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? - -=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? - -=back - -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT - -=back - -=head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.1.1.4 $, $Date: -2002/03/26 15:48:32 $) - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 - -=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? - -=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to -use them? - -=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and -commas? - -=item How do I skip some return values? - -=item How do I temporarily block warnings? - -=item What's an extension? - -=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? - -=item How do I declare/create a structure? - -=item How do I create a module? - -=item How do I create a class? - -=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted? - -=item What's a closure? - -=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? - -=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, -Regex}? - -Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, -Passing Methods - -=item How do I create a static variable? - -=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? -Between local() and my()? - -=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical -is in scope? - -=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? - -=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = ;" work right? - -=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? - -=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? - -=item How do I create a switch or case statement? - -=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods? - -=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found? - -=item How can I find out my current package? - -=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code? - -=item How do I clear a package? - -=item How can I use a variable as a variable name? - -=back - -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT - -=back - -=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.1.1.4 $, $Date: 2002/05/16 -12:41:42 $) - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 - -=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? - -=item How come exec() doesn't return? - -=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? - -Keyboard, Screen, Mouse - -=item How do I print something out in color? - -=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? - -=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? - -=item How do I clear the screen? - -=item How do I get the screen size? - -=item How do I ask the user for a password? - -=item How do I read and write the serial port? - -lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input - -=item How do I decode encrypted password files? - -=item How do I start a process in the background? - -STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies - -=item How do I trap control characters/signals? - -=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? - -=item How do I set the time and date? - -=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? - -=item How can I measure time under a second? - -=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) - -=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What -does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? - -=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? - -=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? - -=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? - -=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? - -=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? - -=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command? - -=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? - -=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? - -=item How can I call backticks without shell processing? - -=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, -^Z on MS-DOS)? - -=item How can I convert my shell script to perl? - -=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? - -=item How can I write expect in Perl? - -=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as -"ps"? - -=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How -come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my -changes to be visible? - -Unix - -=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to -complete? - -=item How do I fork a daemon process? - -=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? - -=item How do I timeout a slow event? - -=item How do I set CPU limits? - -=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? - -=item How do I use an SQL database? - -=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C? - -=item How do I open a file without blocking? - -=item How do I install a module from CPAN? - -=item What's the difference between require and use? - -=item How do I keep my own module/library directory? - -=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library -search path? - -=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime? - -=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it? - -=back - -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT - -=back - -=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.1.1.4 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13 -$) - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 - -=item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script? - -=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 -Server Error) - -=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? - -=item How do I remove HTML from a string? - -=item How do I extract URLs? - -=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a -file on another machine? - -=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? - -=item How do I fetch an HTML file? - -=item How do I automate an HTML form submission? - -=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? - -=item How do I redirect to another page? - -=item How do I put a password on my web pages? - -=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? - -=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my -CGI script to do bad things? - -=item How do I parse a mail header? - -=item How do I decode a CGI form? - -=item How do I check a valid mail address? - -=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? - -=item How do I return the user's mail address? - -=item How do I send mail? - -=item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message? - -=item How do I read mail? - -=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? - -=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? - -=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file? - -=item How can I do RPC in Perl? - -=back - -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item DOCUMENTATION + +L, L and L, +L and L, L, +L, L, L, +L + +=item CONVERTORS + +L, L, L + +=item Administration + +L + +=item Development + +L, L, L and L, +L, L, L + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back =back @@ -3786,4 +3969,40 @@ =back +=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONCEPTS + +=item USING FILTERS + +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER + +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C + +B + +=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE + +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL + +=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER + +=item CONCLUSION + +=item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR + +Some Filters Clobber the C Handle + +=item REQUIREMENTS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item Copyrights + +=back + =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program @@ -3825,4 +4044,6 @@ =item Embedding Perl under Win32 + +=item Hiding Perl_ =item MORAL @@ -4057,4 +4278,6 @@ =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword +=item The FALLBACK: Keyword + =item The INTERFACE: Keyword @@ -4148,4 +4371,6 @@ =item Hash API Extensions + +=item AVs, HVs and undefined values =item References @@ -4248,5 +4473,5 @@ =item Internal Functions -A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x +A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b =over 4 @@ -4266,11 +4491,11 @@ =item What B Unicode, anyway? -=item How can I recognise a UTF8 string? - -=item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters? - -=item How does Perl store UTF8 strings? - -=item How do I convert a string to UTF8? +=item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string? + +=item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters? + +=item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings? + +=item How do I convert a string to UTF-8? =item Is there anything else I need to know? @@ -4372,97 +4597,4 @@ =back -=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 - -=item DOCUMENTATION - -L, L and L, -L and L, L, -L, L, L, -L - -=item CONVERTORS - -L, L, L - -=item Administration - -L - -=item Development - -L, L, L and L, -L, L, L - -=item SEE ALSO - -=back - -=back - -=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item CONCEPTS - -=item USING FILTERS - -=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER - -=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C - -B - -=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE - -=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL - -=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER - -=item CONCLUSION - -=item REQUIREMENTS - -=item AUTHOR - -=item Copyrights - -=back - -=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters - -=over 4 - -=item SYNOPSIS - -=item DESCRIPTION - -B, B, B, -B - -=over 4 - -=item The Filter - -=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. - -=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. - -=back - -=item SEE ALSO - -=item AUTHOR - -=back - =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API @@ -4500,10 +4632,10 @@ =item Embedding Functions -load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, -perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv +cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, +perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv =item Functions in file pp_pack.c -pack_cat, unpack_str +packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str =item Global Variables @@ -4523,8 +4655,8 @@ get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, -HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, -hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, +HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_clear_placeholders, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, +hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval, -hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv +hv_magic, hv_scalar, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv =item Magical Functions @@ -4542,5 +4674,5 @@ fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, -strNE, strnEQ, strnNE +strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking =item Numeric functions @@ -4552,4 +4684,8 @@ cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS + +=item Pad Data Structures + +pad_sv =item Stack Manipulation Macros @@ -4559,5 +4695,6 @@ PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, -XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES +XSRETURN_UV, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, +XST_mYES =item SV Flags @@ -4569,43 +4706,44 @@ get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, -new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, -SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx, -SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, -SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, -SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, -SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, -SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX, -SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, -SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, -SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, -SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool, -sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, -sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, -sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, -sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, -sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, -sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, -sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, -sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext, -sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing, -sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, -sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, -sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, -sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, -sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, -sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, -sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, -sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, -sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, -sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, -sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn +SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, +SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW, +SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, +SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, +SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, +SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, +SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, +SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, +SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, +SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, +SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, +SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, +sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, +sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, +sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, +sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, +sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, +sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, +sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, +sv_magicext, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, +sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, +sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, +sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, +sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, +sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, +sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, +sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, +sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, +sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, +sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, +sv_vsetpvfn =item Unicode Support bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, -pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, -to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, -utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, -utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags +is_utf8_string_loc, pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8, +sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, +to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, +utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, +uvuni_to_utf8_flags =item Variables created by C and C internal functions @@ -4631,4 +4769,20 @@ =item DESCRIPTION +=item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE + +CvWEAKOUTSIDE + +=item Functions in file pad.h + +CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS, +PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH, +PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL, +PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR, +PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE, PAD_SV, PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV + +=item Functions in file pp_ctl.c + +find_runcv + =item Global Variables @@ -4646,5 +4800,8 @@ =item Pad Data Structures -CvPADLIST +CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon, +pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex, +pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new, +pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef =item Stack Manipulation Macros @@ -4673,4 +4830,6 @@ =item History and Background + +=item Basic Structure =item Layers vs Disciplines @@ -4698,4 +4857,10 @@ Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, Set_ptrcnt + +=item Utilities + +=item Implementing PerlIO Layers + +C implementations, Perl implementations =item Core Layers @@ -4756,360 +4921,4 @@ =back -=head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item To do during 5.6.x - -=over 4 - -=item Support for I/O disciplines - -=item Autoload bytes.pm - -=item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work - -=item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags) - -=item Overloadable regex assertions - -=item Unicode - -=item Work out exit/die semantics for threads - -=item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth - -=item Typed lexicals for compiler - -=item Compiler workarounds for Win32 - -=item AUTOLOADing in the compiler - -=item Fixing comppadlist when compiling - -=item Cleaning up exported namespace - -=item Complete signal handling - -=item Out-of-source builds - -=item POSIX realtime support - -=item UNIX98 support - -=item IPv6 Support - -=item Long double conversion - -=item Locales - -=item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals - -=item POSIX Unicode character classes - -=item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization) - -=item Security audit shipped utilities - -=item Sort out the uid-setting mess - -=item Custom opcodes - -=item DLL Versioning - -=item Introduce @( and @) - -=item Floating point handling - -=item IV/UV preservation - -=item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser - -=item Automate module testing on CPAN - -=item sendmsg and recvmsg - -=item Rewrite perlre documentation - -=item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles - -=item Document Win32 choices - -=item Check new modules - -=item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself - -=back - -=item To do at some point - -=over 4 - -=item Remove regular expression recursion - -=item Memory leaks after failed eval - -=item bitfields in pack - -=item Cross compilation - -=item Perl preprocessor / macros - -=item Perl lexer in Perl - -=item Using POSIX calls internally - -=item -i rename file when changed - -=item All ARGV input should act like EE - -=item Support for rerunning debugger - -=item Test Suite for the Debugger - -=item my sub foo { } - -=item One-pass global destruction - -=item Rewrite regexp parser - -=item Cache recently used regexps - -=item Cross-compilation support - -=item Bit-shifting bitvectors - -=item debugger pragma - -=item use less pragma - -=item switch structures - -=item Cache eval tree - -=item rcatmaybe - -=item Shrink opcode tables - -=item Optimize away @_ - -=item Prototypes versus indirect objects - -=item Install HTML - -=item Prototype method calls - -=item Return context prototype declarations - -=item magic_setisa - -=item Garbage collection - -=item IO tutorial - -=item Rewrite perldoc - -=item Install .3p manpages - -=item Unicode tutorial - -=item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2 - -=item Retargetable installation - -=item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems - -=item Rename Win32 headers - -=item Finish off lvalue functions - -=item Update sprintf documentation - -=item Use fchown/fchmod internally - -=item Make v-strings overloaded objects - -=item Allow restricted hash assignment - -=item Should overload be inheritable? - -=item Taint rethink - -=back - -=item Vague ideas - -=over 4 - -=item ref() in list context - -=item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context - -=item Compile to real threaded code - -=item Structured types - -=item Modifiable $1 et al. - -=item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc. - -=item RPC modules - -=item Attach/detach debugger from running program - -=item GUI::Native - -=item foreach(reverse ...) - -=item Constant function cache - -=item Approximate regular expression matching - -=back - -=item Ongoing - -=over 4 - -=item Update guts documentation - -=item Add more tests - -=item Update auxiliary tools - -=item Create debugging macros - -=item truncate to the people - -=item Unicode in Filenames - -=back - -=item Recently done things - -=over 4 - -=item Alternative RE syntax module - -=item Safe signal handling - -=item Tie Modules - -=item gettimeofday - -=item setitimer and getimiter - -=item Testing __DIE__ hook - -=item CPP equivalent in Perl - -=item Explicit switch statements - -=item autocroak - -=item UTF/EBCDIC - -=item UTF Regexes - -=item perlcc to produce executable - -=item END blocks saved in compiled output - -=item Secure temporary file module - -=item Integrate Time::HiRes - -=item Turn Cwd into XS - -=item Mmap for input - -=item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion - -=item Add sockatmark support - -=item Mailing list archives - -=item Bug tracking - -=item Integrate MacPerl - -=item Web "nerve center" for Perl - -=item Regular expression tutorial - -=item Debugging Tutorial - -=item Integrate new modules - -=item Integrate profiler - -=item Y2K error detection - -=item Regular expression debugger - -=item POD checker - -=item "Dynamic" lexicals - -=item Cache precompiled modules - -=back - -=item Deprecated Wishes - -=over 4 - -=item Loop control on do{} - -=item Lexically scoped typeglobs - -=item format BOTTOM - -=item report HANDLE - -=item Generalised want()/caller()) - -=item Named prototypes - -=item Built-in globbing - -=item Regression tests for suidperl - -=item Cached hash values - -=item Add compression modules - -=item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references - -=item Remove distinction between functions and operators - -=item Make XS easier to use - -=item Make embedding easier to use - -=item man for perl - -=item my $Package::variable - -=item "or" tests defined, not truth - -=item "class"-based lexicals - -=item byteperl - -=item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal - -=item Make "use utf8" the default - -=item Unicode collation and normalization - -=item pack/unpack tutorial - -=back - -=back - =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals @@ -5142,8 +4951,5 @@ point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour -=item Perlbug remote interface - -1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3 -commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests +=item Perlbug administration =item Submitting patches @@ -5170,4 +4976,6 @@ =item Millions of Macros +=item The .i Targets + =item Poking at Perl @@ -5177,4 +4985,6 @@ finish, 'enter', print +=item gdb macro support + =item Dumping Perl Data Structures @@ -5188,10 +4998,17 @@ F, F, F, F, F, F, -F, F, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib +F, F, F, F, F, t/base t/comp, +t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib =item Special Make Test Targets -coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third -ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8 +coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind +check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third +utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 +check.utf8, test_harness + +=item Running tests by hand + +PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST =back @@ -5210,4 +5027,6 @@ DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug + +=item valgrind =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree @@ -5240,4 +5059,398 @@ =back +=head2 perlbook - Perl book information + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item To do during 5.6.x + +=over 4 + +=item Support for I/O disciplines + +=item Autoload bytes.pm + +=item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work + +=item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags) + +=item Overloadable regex assertions + +=item Unicode + +=item Work out exit/die semantics for threads + +=item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth + +=item Typed lexicals for compiler + +=item Compiler workarounds for Win32 + +=item AUTOLOADing in the compiler + +=item Fixing comppadlist when compiling + +=item Cleaning up exported namespace + +=item Complete signal handling + +=item Out-of-source builds + +=item POSIX realtime support + +=item UNIX98 support + +=item IPv6 Support + +=item Long double conversion + +=item Locales + +=item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals + +=item POSIX Unicode character classes + +=item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization) + +=item Security audit shipped utilities + +=item Sort out the uid-setting mess + +=item Custom opcodes + +=item DLL Versioning + +=item Introduce @( and @) + +=item Floating point handling + +=item IV/UV preservation + +=item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser + +=item Automate module testing on CPAN + +=item sendmsg and recvmsg + +=item Rewrite perlre documentation + +=item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles + +=item Document Win32 choices + +=item Check new modules + +=item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself + +=back + +=item To do at some point + +=over 4 + +=item Remove regular expression recursion + +=item Memory leaks after failed eval + +=item bitfields in pack + +=item Cross compilation + +=item Perl preprocessor / macros + +=item Perl lexer in Perl + +=item Using POSIX calls internally + +=item -i rename file when changed + +=item All ARGV input should act like EE + +=item Support for rerunning debugger + +=item Test Suite for the Debugger + +=item my sub foo { } + +=item One-pass global destruction + +=item Rewrite regexp parser + +=item Cache recently used regexps + +=item Cross-compilation support + +=item Bit-shifting bitvectors + +=item debugger pragma + +=item use less pragma + +=item switch structures + +=item Cache eval tree + +=item rcatmaybe + +=item Shrink opcode tables + +=item Optimize away @_ + +=item Prototypes versus indirect objects + +=item Install HTML + +=item Prototype method calls + +=item Return context prototype declarations + +=item magic_setisa + +=item Garbage collection + +=item IO tutorial + +=item Rewrite perldoc + +=item Install .3p manpages + +=item Unicode tutorial + +=item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2 + +=item Retargetable installation + +=item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems + +=item Rename Win32 headers + +=item Finish off lvalue functions + +=item Update sprintf documentation + +=item Use fchown/fchmod internally + +=item Make v-strings overloaded objects + +=item Allow restricted hash assignment + +=item Should overload be inheritable? + +=item Taint rethink + +=item Perform correctly when XSUBs call subroutines that exit via +goto(LABEL) and friends + +=back + +=item Vague ideas + +=over 4 + +=item ref() in list context + +=item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context + +=item Compile to real threaded code + +=item Structured types + +=item Modifiable $1 et al. + +=item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc. + +=item RPC modules + +=item Attach/detach debugger from running program + +=item GUI::Native + +=item foreach(reverse ...) + +=item Constant function cache + +=item Approximate regular expression matching + +=back + +=item Ongoing + +=over 4 + +=item Update guts documentation + +=item Add more tests + +=item Update auxiliary tools + +=item Create debugging macros + +=item truncate to the people + +=item Unicode in Filenames + +=back + +=item Unicode in %ENV + +=item Recently done things + +=over 4 + +=item Alternative RE syntax module + +=item Safe signal handling + +=item Tie Modules + +=item gettimeofday + +=item setitimer and getimiter + +=item Testing __DIE__ hook + +=item CPP equivalent in Perl + +=item Explicit switch statements + +=item autocroak + +=item UTF/EBCDIC + +=item UTF Regexes + +=item perlcc to produce executable + +=item END blocks saved in compiled output + +=item Secure temporary file module + +=item Integrate Time::HiRes + +=item Turn Cwd into XS + +=item Mmap for input + +=item Byte to/from UTF-8 and UTF-8 to/from local conversion + +=item Add sockatmark support + +=item Mailing list archives + +=item Bug tracking + +=item Integrate MacPerl + +=item Web "nerve center" for Perl + +=item Regular expression tutorial + +=item Debugging Tutorial + +=item Integrate new modules + +=item Integrate profiler + +=item Y2K error detection + +=item Regular expression debugger + +=item POD checker + +=item "Dynamic" lexicals + +=item Cache precompiled modules + +=back + +=item Deprecated Wishes + +=over 4 + +=item Loop control on do{} + +=item Lexically scoped typeglobs + +=item format BOTTOM + +=item report HANDLE + +=item Generalised want()/caller()) + +=item Named prototypes + +=item Built-in globbing + +=item Regression tests for suidperl + +=item Cached hash values + +=item Add compression modules + +=item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references + +=item Remove distinction between functions and operators + +=item Make XS easier to use + +=item Make embedding easier to use + +=item man for perl + +=item my $Package::variable + +=item "or" tests defined, not truth + +=item "class"-based lexicals + +=item byteperl + +=item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal + +=item Make "use utf8" the default + +=item Unicode collation and normalization + +=item pack/unpack tutorial + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format. + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f> +I, B<-q> I, B<-T>, B<-d> +I, B<-o> I, B<-M> I, +B<-w> I or B<-w> I