1 | GNU Free Documentation License |
---|
2 | Version 1.1, March 2000 |
---|
3 | |
---|
4 | Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
---|
5 | 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA |
---|
6 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
---|
7 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
---|
8 | |
---|
9 | |
---|
10 | 0. PREAMBLE |
---|
11 | |
---|
12 | The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other |
---|
13 | written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone |
---|
14 | the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without |
---|
15 | modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, |
---|
16 | this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get |
---|
17 | credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for |
---|
18 | modifications made by others. |
---|
19 | |
---|
20 | This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative |
---|
21 | works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It |
---|
22 | complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft |
---|
23 | license designed for free software. |
---|
24 | |
---|
25 | We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free |
---|
26 | software, because free software needs free documentation: a free |
---|
27 | program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the |
---|
28 | software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; |
---|
29 | it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or |
---|
30 | whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License |
---|
31 | principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. |
---|
32 | |
---|
33 | |
---|
34 | 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS |
---|
35 | |
---|
36 | This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a |
---|
37 | notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed |
---|
38 | under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any |
---|
39 | such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is |
---|
40 | addressed as "you". |
---|
41 | |
---|
42 | A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the |
---|
43 | Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with |
---|
44 | modifications and/or translated into another language. |
---|
45 | |
---|
46 | A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of |
---|
47 | the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the |
---|
48 | publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject |
---|
49 | (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly |
---|
50 | within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a |
---|
51 | textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any |
---|
52 | mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical |
---|
53 | connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, |
---|
54 | commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding |
---|
55 | them. |
---|
56 | |
---|
57 | The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles |
---|
58 | are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice |
---|
59 | that says that the Document is released under this License. |
---|
60 | |
---|
61 | The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, |
---|
62 | as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that |
---|
63 | the Document is released under this License. |
---|
64 | |
---|
65 | A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, |
---|
66 | represented in a format whose specification is available to the |
---|
67 | general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and |
---|
68 | straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
---|
69 | pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available |
---|
70 | drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or |
---|
71 | for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input |
---|
72 | to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file |
---|
73 | format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage |
---|
74 | subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is |
---|
75 | not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". |
---|
76 | |
---|
77 | Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain |
---|
78 | ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML |
---|
79 | or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple |
---|
80 | HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include |
---|
81 | PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only |
---|
82 | by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or |
---|
83 | processing tools are not generally available, and the |
---|
84 | machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output |
---|
85 | purposes only. |
---|
86 | |
---|
87 | The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, |
---|
88 | plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material |
---|
89 | this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in |
---|
90 | formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means |
---|
91 | the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, |
---|
92 | preceding the beginning of the body of the text. |
---|
93 | |
---|
94 | |
---|
95 | 2. VERBATIM COPYING |
---|
96 | |
---|
97 | You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either |
---|
98 | commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the |
---|
99 | copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies |
---|
100 | to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other |
---|
101 | conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use |
---|
102 | technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further |
---|
103 | copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept |
---|
104 | compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough |
---|
105 | number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. |
---|
106 | |
---|
107 | You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and |
---|
108 | you may publicly display copies. |
---|
109 | |
---|
110 | |
---|
111 | 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY |
---|
112 | |
---|
113 | If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, |
---|
114 | and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose |
---|
115 | the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover |
---|
116 | Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
---|
117 | the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify |
---|
118 | you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present |
---|
119 | the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and |
---|
120 | visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. |
---|
121 | Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve |
---|
122 | the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated |
---|
123 | as verbatim copying in other respects. |
---|
124 | |
---|
125 | If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit |
---|
126 | legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit |
---|
127 | reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent |
---|
128 | pages. |
---|
129 | |
---|
130 | If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering |
---|
131 | more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent |
---|
132 | copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy |
---|
133 | a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete |
---|
134 | Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the |
---|
135 | general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no |
---|
136 | charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter |
---|
137 | option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin |
---|
138 | distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this |
---|
139 | Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location |
---|
140 | until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque |
---|
141 | copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to |
---|
142 | the public. |
---|
143 | |
---|
144 | It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the |
---|
145 | Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give |
---|
146 | them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. |
---|
147 | |
---|
148 | |
---|
149 | 4. MODIFICATIONS |
---|
150 | |
---|
151 | You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under |
---|
152 | the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release |
---|
153 | the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified |
---|
154 | Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution |
---|
155 | and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy |
---|
156 | of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: |
---|
157 | |
---|
158 | A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct |
---|
159 | from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions |
---|
160 | (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section |
---|
161 | of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version |
---|
162 | if the original publisher of that version gives permission. |
---|
163 | B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities |
---|
164 | responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified |
---|
165 | Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the |
---|
166 | Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five). |
---|
167 | C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
---|
168 | Modified Version, as the publisher. |
---|
169 | D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. |
---|
170 | E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications |
---|
171 | adjacent to the other copyright notices. |
---|
172 | F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice |
---|
173 | giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the |
---|
174 | terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. |
---|
175 | G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections |
---|
176 | and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. |
---|
177 | H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
---|
178 | I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to |
---|
179 | it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and |
---|
180 | publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If |
---|
181 | there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one |
---|
182 | stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as |
---|
183 | given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified |
---|
184 | Version as stated in the previous sentence. |
---|
185 | J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for |
---|
186 | public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise |
---|
187 | the network locations given in the Document for previous versions |
---|
188 | it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. |
---|
189 | You may omit a network location for a work that was published at |
---|
190 | least four years before the Document itself, or if the original |
---|
191 | publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. |
---|
192 | K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", |
---|
193 | preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the |
---|
194 | substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements |
---|
195 | and/or dedications given therein. |
---|
196 | L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, |
---|
197 | unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers |
---|
198 | or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. |
---|
199 | M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section |
---|
200 | may not be included in the Modified Version. |
---|
201 | N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" |
---|
202 | or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. |
---|
203 | |
---|
204 | If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
---|
205 | appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material |
---|
206 | copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all |
---|
207 | of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the |
---|
208 | list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. |
---|
209 | These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. |
---|
210 | |
---|
211 | You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains |
---|
212 | nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
---|
213 | parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has |
---|
214 | been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a |
---|
215 | standard. |
---|
216 | |
---|
217 | You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a |
---|
218 | passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list |
---|
219 | of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of |
---|
220 | Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or |
---|
221 | through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already |
---|
222 | includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or |
---|
223 | by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, |
---|
224 | you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit |
---|
225 | permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. |
---|
226 | |
---|
227 | The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License |
---|
228 | give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or |
---|
229 | imply endorsement of any Modified Version. |
---|
230 | |
---|
231 | |
---|
232 | 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS |
---|
233 | |
---|
234 | You may combine the Document with other documents released under this |
---|
235 | License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified |
---|
236 | versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the |
---|
237 | Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and |
---|
238 | list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its |
---|
239 | license notice. |
---|
240 | |
---|
241 | The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and |
---|
242 | multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single |
---|
243 | copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but |
---|
244 | different contents, make the title of each such section unique by |
---|
245 | adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original |
---|
246 | author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. |
---|
247 | Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of |
---|
248 | Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. |
---|
249 | |
---|
250 | In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" |
---|
251 | in the various original documents, forming one section entitled |
---|
252 | "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", |
---|
253 | and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections |
---|
254 | entitled "Endorsements." |
---|
255 | |
---|
256 | |
---|
257 | 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS |
---|
258 | |
---|
259 | You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents |
---|
260 | released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this |
---|
261 | License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in |
---|
262 | the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for |
---|
263 | verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. |
---|
264 | |
---|
265 | You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute |
---|
266 | it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this |
---|
267 | License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all |
---|
268 | other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. |
---|
269 | |
---|
270 | |
---|
271 | |
---|
272 | 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS |
---|
273 | |
---|
274 | A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate |
---|
275 | and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or |
---|
276 | distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version |
---|
277 | of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the |
---|
278 | compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this |
---|
279 | License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled |
---|
280 | with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they |
---|
281 | are not themselves derivative works of the Document. |
---|
282 | |
---|
283 | If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these |
---|
284 | copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter |
---|
285 | of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on |
---|
286 | covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. |
---|
287 | Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate. |
---|
288 | |
---|
289 | |
---|
290 | 8. TRANSLATION |
---|
291 | |
---|
292 | Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may |
---|
293 | distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. |
---|
294 | Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special |
---|
295 | permission from their copyright holders, but you may include |
---|
296 | translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the |
---|
297 | original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a |
---|
298 | translation of this License provided that you also include the |
---|
299 | original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement |
---|
300 | between the translation and the original English version of this |
---|
301 | License, the original English version will prevail. |
---|
302 | |
---|
303 | |
---|
304 | 9. TERMINATION |
---|
305 | |
---|
306 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except |
---|
307 | as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to |
---|
308 | copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will |
---|
309 | automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, |
---|
310 | parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this |
---|
311 | License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such |
---|
312 | parties remain in full compliance. |
---|
313 | |
---|
314 | |
---|
315 | 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE |
---|
316 | |
---|
317 | The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions |
---|
318 | of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new |
---|
319 | versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may |
---|
320 | differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See |
---|
321 | http:///www.gnu.org/copyleft/. |
---|
322 | |
---|
323 | Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. |
---|
324 | If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this |
---|
325 | License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of |
---|
326 | following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or |
---|
327 | of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the |
---|
328 | Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version |
---|
329 | number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not |
---|
330 | as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. |
---|
331 | |
---|
332 | |
---|
333 | ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents |
---|
334 | |
---|
335 | To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of |
---|
336 | the License in the document and put the following copyright and |
---|
337 | license notices just after the title page: |
---|
338 | |
---|
339 | Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. |
---|
340 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
---|
341 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 |
---|
342 | or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
---|
343 | with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the |
---|
344 | Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. |
---|
345 | A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU |
---|
346 | Free Documentation License". |
---|
347 | |
---|
348 | If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections" |
---|
349 | instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no |
---|
350 | Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of |
---|
351 | "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts. |
---|
352 | |
---|
353 | If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
---|
354 | recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of |
---|
355 | free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, |
---|
356 | to permit their use in free software. |
---|
357 | |
---|
358 | |
---|