1 | This document is written in pod format hence there are punctuation |
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2 | characters in odd places. Do not worry, you've apparently got the |
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3 | ASCII->EBCDIC translation worked out correctly. You can read more |
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4 | about pod in pod/perlpod.pod or the short summary in the INSTALL file. |
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5 | |
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6 | =head1 NAME |
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7 | |
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8 | README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and z/OS |
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9 | |
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10 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
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11 | |
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12 | This document will help you Configure, build, test and install Perl |
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13 | on OS/390 (aka z/OS) Unix System Services. |
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14 | |
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15 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
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16 | |
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17 | This is a fully ported Perl for OS/390 Version 2 Release 3, 5, 6, 7, |
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18 | 8, and 9. It may work on other versions or releases, but those are |
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19 | the ones we've tested it on. |
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20 | |
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21 | You may need to carry out some system configuration tasks before |
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22 | running the Configure script for Perl. |
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23 | |
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24 | |
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25 | =head2 Tools |
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26 | |
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27 | The z/OS Unix Tools and Toys list may prove helpful and contains links |
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28 | to ports of much of the software helpful for building Perl. |
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29 | http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html |
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30 | |
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31 | |
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32 | =head2 Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390 |
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33 | |
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34 | If using ftp remember to transfer the distribution in binary format. |
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35 | |
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36 | Gunzip/gzip for OS/390 is discussed at: |
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37 | |
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38 | http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/faq/bpxqp1.html |
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39 | |
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40 | to extract an ASCII tar archive on OS/390, try this: |
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41 | |
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42 | pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r < latest.tar |
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43 | |
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44 | or |
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45 | |
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46 | zcat latest.tar.Z | pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r |
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47 | |
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48 | If you get lots of errors of the form |
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49 | |
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50 | tar: FSUM7171 ...: cannot set uid/gid: EDC5139I Operation not permitted. |
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51 | |
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52 | you didn't read the above and tried to use tar instead of pax, you'll |
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53 | first have to remove the (now corrupt) perl directory |
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54 | |
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55 | rm -rf perl-... |
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56 | |
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57 | and then use pax. |
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58 | |
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59 | =head2 Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390 |
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60 | |
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61 | Be sure that your yacc installation is in place including any necessary |
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62 | parser template files. If you have not already done so then be sure to: |
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63 | |
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64 | cp /samples/yyparse.c /etc |
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65 | |
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66 | This may also be a good time to ensure that your /etc/protocol file |
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67 | and either your /etc/resolv.conf or /etc/hosts files are in place. |
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68 | The IBM document that described such USS system setup issues was |
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69 | SC28-1890-07 "OS/390 UNIX System Services Planning", in particular |
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70 | Chapter 6 on customizing the OE shell. |
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71 | |
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72 | GNU make for OS/390, which is recommended for the build of perl (as |
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73 | well as building CPAN modules and extensions), is available from the |
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74 | L</Tools>. |
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75 | |
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76 | Some people have reported encountering "Out of memory!" errors while |
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77 | trying to build Perl using GNU make binaries. If you encounter such |
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78 | trouble then try to download the source code kit and build GNU make |
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79 | from source to eliminate any such trouble. You might also find GNU make |
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80 | (as well as Perl and Apache) in the red-piece/book "Open Source Software |
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81 | for OS/390 UNIX", SG24-5944-00 from IBM. |
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82 | |
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83 | If instead of the recommended GNU make you would like to use the system |
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84 | supplied make program then be sure to install the default rules file |
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85 | properly via the shell command: |
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86 | |
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87 | cp /samples/startup.mk /etc |
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88 | |
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89 | and be sure to also set the environment variable _C89_CCMODE=1 (exporting |
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90 | _C89_CCMODE=1 is also a good idea for users of GNU make). |
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91 | |
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92 | You might also want to have GNU groff for OS/390 installed before |
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93 | running the `make install` step for Perl. |
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94 | |
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95 | There is a syntax error in the /usr/include/sys/socket.h header file |
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96 | that IBM supplies with USS V2R7, V2R8, and possibly V2R9. The problem with |
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97 | the header file is that near the definition of the SO_REUSEPORT constant |
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98 | there is a spurious extra '/' character outside of a comment like so: |
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99 | |
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100 | #define SO_REUSEPORT 0x0200 /* allow local address & port |
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101 | reuse */ / |
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102 | |
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103 | You could edit that header yourself to remove that last '/', or you might |
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104 | note that Language Environment (LE) APAR PQ39997 describes the problem |
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105 | and PTF's UQ46272 and UQ46271 are the (R8 at least) fixes and apply them. |
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106 | If left unattended that syntax error will turn up as an inability for Perl |
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107 | to build its "Socket" extension. |
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108 | |
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109 | For successful testing you may need to turn on the sticky bit for your |
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110 | world readable /tmp directory if you have not already done so (see man chmod). |
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111 | |
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112 | =head2 Configure Perl on OS/390 |
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113 | |
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114 | Once you've unpacked the distribution, run "sh Configure" (see INSTALL |
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115 | for a full discussion of the Configure options). There is a "hints" file |
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116 | for os390 that specifies the correct values for most things. Some things |
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117 | to watch out for include: |
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118 | |
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119 | =over 4 |
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120 | |
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121 | =item * |
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122 | |
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123 | A message of the form: |
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124 | |
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125 | (I see you are using the Korn shell. Some ksh's blow up on Configure, |
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126 | mainly on older exotic systems. If yours does, try the Bourne shell instead.) |
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127 | |
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128 | is nothing to worry about at all. |
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129 | |
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130 | =item * |
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131 | |
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132 | Some of the parser default template files in /samples are needed in /etc. |
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133 | In particular be sure that you at least copy /samples/yyparse.c to /etc |
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134 | before running Perl's Configure. This step ensures successful extraction |
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135 | of EBCDIC versions of parser files such as perly.c, perly.h, and x2p/a2p.c. |
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136 | This has to be done before running Configure the first time. If you failed |
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137 | to do so then the easiest way to re-Configure Perl is to delete your |
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138 | misconfigured build root and re-extract the source from the tar ball. |
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139 | Then you must ensure that /etc/yyparse.c is properly in place before |
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140 | attempting to re-run Configure. |
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141 | |
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142 | =item * |
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143 | |
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144 | This port will support dynamic loading, but it is not selected by |
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145 | default. If you would like to experiment with dynamic loading then |
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146 | be sure to specify -Dusedl in the arguments to the Configure script. |
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147 | See the comments in hints/os390.sh for more information on dynamic loading. |
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148 | If you build with dynamic loading then you will need to add the |
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149 | $archlibexp/CORE directory to your LIBPATH environment variable in order |
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150 | for perl to work. See the config.sh file for the value of $archlibexp. |
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151 | If in trying to use Perl you see an error message similar to: |
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152 | |
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153 | CEE3501S The module libperl.dll was not found. |
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154 | From entry point __dllstaticinit at compile unit offset +00000194 at |
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155 | |
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156 | then your LIBPATH does not have the location of libperl.x and either |
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157 | libperl.dll or libperl.so in it. Add that directory to your LIBPATH and |
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158 | proceed. |
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159 | |
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160 | =item * |
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161 | |
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162 | Do not turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There is |
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163 | a bug in either the optimizer or perl that causes perl to |
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164 | not work correctly when the optimizer is on. |
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165 | |
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166 | =item * |
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167 | |
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168 | Some of the configuration files in /etc used by the |
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169 | networking APIs are either missing or have the wrong |
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170 | names. In particular, make sure that there's either |
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171 | an /etc/resolv.conf or an /etc/hosts, so that |
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172 | gethostbyname() works, and make sure that the file |
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173 | /etc/proto has been renamed to /etc/protocol (NOT |
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174 | /etc/protocols, as used by other Unix systems). |
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175 | You may have to look for things like HOSTNAME and DOMAINORIGIN |
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176 | in the "//'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'" PDS member in order to |
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177 | properly set up your /etc networking files. |
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178 | |
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179 | =back |
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180 | |
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181 | =head2 Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390 |
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182 | |
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183 | Simply put: |
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184 | |
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185 | sh Configure |
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186 | make |
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187 | make test |
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188 | |
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189 | if everything looks ok (see the next section for test/IVP diagnosis) then: |
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190 | |
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191 | make install |
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192 | |
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193 | this last step may or may not require UID=0 privileges depending |
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194 | on how you answered the questions that Configure asked and whether |
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195 | or not you have write access to the directories you specified. |
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196 | |
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197 | =head2 Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 |
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198 | |
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199 | "Out of memory!" messages during the build of Perl are most often fixed |
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200 | by re building the GNU make utility for OS/390 from a source code kit. |
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201 | |
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202 | Another memory limiting item to check is your MAXASSIZE parameter in your |
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203 | 'SYS1.PARMLIB(BPXPRMxx)' data set (note too that as of V2R8 address space |
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204 | limits can be set on a per user ID basis in the USS segment of a RACF |
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205 | profile). People have reported successful builds of Perl with MAXASSIZE |
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206 | parameters as small as 503316480 (and it may be possible to build Perl |
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207 | with a MAXASSIZE smaller than that). |
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208 | |
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209 | Within USS your /etc/profile or $HOME/.profile may limit your ulimit |
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210 | settings. Check that the following command returns reasonable values: |
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211 | |
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212 | ulimit -a |
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213 | |
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214 | To conserve memory you should have your compiler modules loaded into the |
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215 | Link Pack Area (LPA/ELPA) rather than in a link list or step lib. |
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216 | |
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217 | If the c89 compiler complains of syntax errors during the build of the |
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218 | Socket extension then be sure to fix the syntax error in the system |
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219 | header /usr/include/sys/socket.h. |
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220 | |
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221 | =head2 Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 |
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222 | |
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223 | The `make test` step runs a Perl Verification Procedure, usually before |
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224 | installation. You might encounter STDERR messages even during a successful |
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225 | run of `make test`. Here is a guide to some of the more commonly seen |
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226 | anomalies: |
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227 | |
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228 | =over 4 |
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229 | |
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230 | =item * |
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231 | |
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232 | A message of the form: |
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233 | |
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234 | comp/cpp.............ERROR CBC3191 ./.301989890.c:1 The character $ is not a |
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235 | valid C source character. |
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236 | FSUM3065 The COMPILE step ended with return code 12. |
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237 | FSUM3017 Could not compile .301989890.c. Correct the errors and try again. |
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238 | ok |
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239 | |
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240 | indicates that the t/comp/cpp.t test of Perl's -P command line switch has |
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241 | passed but that the particular invocation of c89 -E in the cpp script does |
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242 | not suppress the C compiler check of source code validity. |
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243 | |
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244 | =item * |
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245 | |
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246 | A message of the form: |
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247 | |
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248 | io/openpid...........CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. |
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249 | CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. |
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250 | CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received. |
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251 | ok |
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252 | |
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253 | indicates that the t/io/openpid.t test of Perl has passed but done so |
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254 | with extraneous messages on stderr from CEE. |
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255 | |
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256 | =item * |
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257 | |
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258 | A message of the form: |
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259 | |
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260 | lib/ftmp-security....File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe |
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261 | (sticky bit not set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100 |
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262 | File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe (sticky bit not |
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263 | set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100 |
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264 | ok |
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265 | |
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266 | indicates a problem with the permissions on your /tmp directory within the HFS. |
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267 | To correct that problem issue the command: |
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268 | |
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269 | chmod a+t /tmp |
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270 | |
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271 | from an account with write access to the directory entry for /tmp. |
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272 | |
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273 | =item * |
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274 | |
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275 | Out of Memory! |
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276 | |
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277 | Recent perl test suite is quite memory hunrgy. In addition to the comments |
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278 | above on memory limitations it is also worth checking for _CEE_RUNOPTS |
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279 | in your environment. Perl now has (in miniperlmain.c) a C #pragma |
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280 | to set CEE run options, but the environment variable wins. |
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281 | |
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282 | The C code asks for: |
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283 | |
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284 | #pragma runopts(HEAP(2M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K) STACK(,,ANY,) ALL31(ON)) |
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285 | |
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286 | The important parts of that are the second argument (the increment) to HEAP, |
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287 | and allowing the stack to be "Above the (16M) line". If the heap |
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288 | increment is too small then when perl (for example loading unicode/Name.pl) tries |
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289 | to create a "big" (400K+) string it cannot fit in a single segment |
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290 | and you get "Out of Memory!" - even if there is still plenty of memory |
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291 | available. |
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292 | |
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293 | A related issue is use with perl's malloc. Perl's malloc uses C<sbrk()> |
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294 | to get memory, and C<sbrk()> is limited to the first allocation so in this |
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295 | case something like: |
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296 | |
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297 | HEAP(8M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K) |
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298 | |
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299 | is needed to get through the test suite. |
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300 | |
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301 | |
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302 | =back |
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303 | |
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304 | =head2 Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 |
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305 | |
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306 | The installman script will try to run on OS/390. There will be fewer errors |
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307 | if you have a roff utility installed. You can obtain GNU groff from the |
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308 | Redbook SG24-5944-00 ftp site. |
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309 | |
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310 | =head2 Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390 |
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311 | |
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312 | When using perl on OS/390 please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII |
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313 | character sets are different. See perlebcdic.pod for more on such character |
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314 | set issues. Perl builtin functions that may behave differently under |
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315 | EBCDIC are also mentioned in the perlport.pod document. |
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316 | |
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317 | Open Edition (UNIX System Services) from V2R8 onward does support |
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318 | #!/path/to/perl script invocation. There is a PTF available from |
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319 | IBM for V2R7 that will allow shell/kernel support for #!. USS |
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320 | releases prior to V2R7 did not support the #! means of script invocation. |
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321 | If you are running V2R6 or earlier then see: |
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322 | |
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323 | head `whence perldoc` |
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324 | |
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325 | for an example of how to use the "eval exec" trick to ask the shell to |
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326 | have Perl run your scripts on those older releases of Unix System Services. |
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327 | |
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328 | If you are having trouble with square brackets then consider switching your |
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329 | rlogin or telnet client. Try to avoid older 3270 emulators and ISHELL for |
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330 | working with Perl on USS. |
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331 | |
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332 | =head2 Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 |
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333 | |
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334 | There appears to be a bug in the floating point implementation on S/390 |
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335 | systems such that calling int() on the product of a number and a small |
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336 | magnitude number is not the same as calling int() on the quotient of |
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337 | that number and a large magnitude number. For example, in the following |
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338 | Perl code: |
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339 | |
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340 | my $x = 100000.0; |
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341 | my $y = int($x * 1e-5) * 1e5; # '0' |
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342 | my $z = int($x / 1e+5) * 1e5; # '100000' |
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343 | print "\$y is $y and \$z is $z\n"; # $y is 0 and $z is 100000 |
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344 | |
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345 | Although one would expect the quantities $y and $z to be the same and equal |
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346 | to 100000 they will differ and instead will be 0 and 100000 respectively. |
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347 | |
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348 | The problem can be further examined in a roughly equivalent C program: |
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349 | |
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350 | #include <stdio.h> |
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351 | #include <math.h> |
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352 | main() |
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353 | { |
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354 | double r1,r2; |
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355 | double x = 100000.0; |
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356 | double y = 0.0; |
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357 | double z = 0.0; |
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358 | x = 100000.0 * 1e-5; |
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359 | r1 = modf (x,&y); |
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360 | x = 100000.0 / 1e+5; |
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361 | r2 = modf (x,&z); |
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362 | printf("y is %e and z is %e\n",y*1e5,z*1e5); |
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363 | /* y is 0.000000e+00 and z is 1.000000e+05 (with c89) */ |
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364 | } |
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365 | |
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366 | =head2 Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390 |
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367 | |
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368 | Pure pure (that is non xs) modules may be installed via the usual: |
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369 | |
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370 | perl Makefile.PL |
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371 | make |
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372 | make test |
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373 | make install |
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374 | |
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375 | If you built perl with dynamic loading capability then that would also |
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376 | be the way to build xs based extensions. However, if you built perl with |
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377 | the default static linking you can still build xs based extensions for OS/390 |
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378 | but you will need to follow the instructions in ExtUtils::MakeMaker for |
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379 | building statically linked perl binaries. In the simplest configurations |
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380 | building a static perl + xs extension boils down to: |
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381 | |
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382 | perl Makefile.PL |
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383 | make |
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384 | make perl |
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385 | make test |
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386 | make install |
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387 | make -f Makefile.aperl inst_perl MAP_TARGET=perl |
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388 | |
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389 | In most cases people have reported better results with GNU make rather |
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390 | than the system's /bin/make program, whether for plain modules or for |
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391 | xs based extensions. |
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392 | |
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393 | If the make process encounters trouble with either compilation or |
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394 | linking then try setting the _C89_CCMODE to 1. Assuming sh is your |
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395 | login shell then run: |
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396 | |
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397 | export _C89_CCMODE=1 |
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398 | |
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399 | If tcsh is your login shell then use the setenv command. |
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400 | |
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401 | =head1 AUTHORS |
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402 | |
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403 | David Fiander and Peter Prymmer with thanks to Dennis Longnecker |
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404 | and William Raffloer for valuable reports, LPAR and PTF feedback. |
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405 | Thanks to Mike MacIsaac and Egon Terwedow for SG24-5944-00. |
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406 | Thanks to Ignasi Roca for pointing out the floating point problems. |
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407 | Thanks to John Goodyear for dynamic loading help. |
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408 | |
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409 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
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410 | |
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411 | L<INSTALL>, L<perlport>, L<perlebcdic>, L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>. |
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412 | |
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413 | http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html |
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414 | |
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415 | http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg245944.html |
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416 | |
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417 | http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html#opensrc |
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418 | |
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419 | http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/ |
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420 | |
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421 | http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/ceea3030/ |
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422 | |
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423 | http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/CBCUG030/ |
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424 | |
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425 | =head2 Mailing list for Perl on OS/390 |
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426 | |
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427 | If you are interested in the VM/ESA, z/OS (formerly known as OS/390) |
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428 | and POSIX-BC (BS2000) ports of Perl then see the perl-mvs mailing list. |
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429 | To subscribe, send an empty message to perl-mvs-subscribe@perl.org. |
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430 | |
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431 | See also: |
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432 | |
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433 | http://lists.perl.org/showlist.cgi?name=perl-mvs |
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434 | |
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435 | There are web archives of the mailing list at: |
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436 | |
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437 | http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/ |
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438 | http://archive.develooper.com/perl-mvs@perl.org/ |
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439 | |
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440 | =head1 HISTORY |
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441 | |
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442 | This document was originally written by David Fiander for the 5.005 |
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443 | release of Perl. |
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444 | |
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445 | This document was podified for the 5.005_03 release of Perl 11 March 1999. |
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446 | |
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447 | Updated 28 November 2001 for broken URLs. |
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448 | |
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449 | Updated 12 November 2000 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl. |
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450 | |
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451 | Updated 15 January 2001 for the 5.7.1 release of Perl. |
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452 | |
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453 | Updated 24 January 2001 to mention dynamic loading. |
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454 | |
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455 | Updated 12 March 2001 to mention //'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'. |
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456 | |
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457 | =cut |
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458 | |
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