1 | /* propdelay.c,v 3.1 1993/07/06 01:05:24 jbj Exp |
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2 | * propdelay - compute propagation delays |
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3 | * |
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4 | * cc -o propdelay propdelay.c -lm |
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5 | * |
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6 | * "Time and Frequency Users' Manual", NBS Technical Note 695 (1977). |
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7 | */ |
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8 | |
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9 | /* |
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10 | * This can be used to get a rough idea of the HF propagation delay |
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11 | * between two points (usually between you and the radio station). |
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12 | * The usage is |
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13 | * |
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14 | * propdelay latitudeA longitudeA latitudeB longitudeB |
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15 | * |
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16 | * where points A and B are the locations in question. You obviously |
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17 | * need to know the latitude and longitude of each of the places. |
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18 | * The program expects the latitude to be preceded by an 'n' or 's' |
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19 | * and the longitude to be preceded by an 'e' or 'w'. It understands |
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20 | * either decimal degrees or degrees:minutes:seconds. Thus to compute |
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21 | * the delay between the WWVH (21:59:26N, 159:46:00W) and WWV (40:40:49N, |
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22 | * 105:02:27W) you could use: |
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23 | * |
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24 | * propdelay n21:59:26 w159:46 n40:40:49 w105:02:27 |
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25 | * |
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26 | * By default it prints out a summer (F2 average virtual height 350 km) and |
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27 | * winter (F2 average virtual height 250 km) number. The results will be |
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28 | * quite approximate but are about as good as you can do with HF time anyway. |
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29 | * You might pick a number between the values to use, or use the summer |
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30 | * value in the summer and switch to the winter value when the static |
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31 | * above 10 MHz starts to drop off in the fall. You can also use the |
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32 | * -h switch if you want to specify your own virtual height. |
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33 | * |
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34 | * You can also do a |
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35 | * |
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36 | * propdelay -W n45:17:47 w75:45:22 |
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37 | * |
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38 | * to find the propagation delays to WWV and WWVH (from CHU in this |
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39 | * case), a |
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40 | * |
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41 | * propdelay -C n40:40:49 w105:02:27 |
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42 | * |
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43 | * to find the delays to CHU, and a |
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44 | * |
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45 | * propdelay -G n52:03:17 w98:34:18 |
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46 | * |
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47 | * to find delays to GOES via each of the three satellites. |
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48 | */ |
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49 | |
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50 | #include <stdio.h> |
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51 | #include <string.h> |
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52 | |
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53 | #include "ntp_stdlib.h" |
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54 | |
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55 | extern double sin (double); |
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56 | extern double cos (double); |
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57 | extern double acos (double); |
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58 | extern double tan (double); |
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59 | extern double atan (double); |
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60 | extern double sqrt (double); |
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61 | |
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62 | #define STREQ(a, b) (*(a) == *(b) && strcmp((a), (b)) == 0) |
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63 | |
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64 | /* |
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65 | * Program constants |
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66 | */ |
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67 | #define EARTHRADIUS (6370.0) /* raduis of earth (km) */ |
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68 | #define LIGHTSPEED (299800.0) /* speed of light, km/s */ |
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69 | #define PI (3.1415926536) |
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70 | #define RADPERDEG (PI/180.0) /* radians per degree */ |
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71 | #define MILE (1.609344) /* km in a mile */ |
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72 | |
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73 | #define SUMMERHEIGHT (350.0) /* summer height in km */ |
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74 | #define WINTERHEIGHT (250.0) /* winter height in km */ |
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75 | |
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76 | #define SATHEIGHT (6.6110 * 6378.0) /* geosync satellite height in km |
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77 | from centre of earth */ |
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78 | |
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79 | #define WWVLAT "n40:40:49" |
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80 | #define WWVLONG "w105:02:27" |
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81 | |
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82 | #define WWVHLAT "n21:59:26" |
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83 | #define WWVHLONG "w159:46:00" |
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84 | |
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85 | #define CHULAT "n45:17:47" |
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86 | #define CHULONG "w75:45:22" |
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87 | |
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88 | #define GOES_UP_LAT "n37:52:00" |
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89 | #define GOES_UP_LONG "w75:27:00" |
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90 | #define GOES_EAST_LONG "w75:00:00" |
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91 | #define GOES_STBY_LONG "w105:00:00" |
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92 | #define GOES_WEST_LONG "w135:00:00" |
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93 | #define GOES_SAT_LAT "n00:00:00" |
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94 | |
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95 | char *wwvlat = WWVLAT; |
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96 | char *wwvlong = WWVLONG; |
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97 | |
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98 | char *wwvhlat = WWVHLAT; |
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99 | char *wwvhlong = WWVHLONG; |
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100 | |
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101 | char *chulat = CHULAT; |
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102 | char *chulong = CHULONG; |
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103 | |
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104 | char *goes_up_lat = GOES_UP_LAT; |
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105 | char *goes_up_long = GOES_UP_LONG; |
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106 | char *goes_east_long = GOES_EAST_LONG; |
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107 | char *goes_stby_long = GOES_STBY_LONG; |
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108 | char *goes_west_long = GOES_WEST_LONG; |
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109 | char *goes_sat_lat = GOES_SAT_LAT; |
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110 | |
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111 | int hflag = 0; |
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112 | int Wflag = 0; |
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113 | int Cflag = 0; |
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114 | int Gflag = 0; |
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115 | int height; |
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116 | |
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117 | char *progname; |
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118 | int debug; |
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119 | |
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120 | static void doit (double, double, double, double, double, char *); |
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121 | static double latlong (char *, int); |
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122 | static double greatcircle (double, double, double, double); |
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123 | static double waveangle (double, double, int); |
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124 | static double propdelay (double, double, int); |
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125 | static int finddelay (double, double, double, double, double, double *); |
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126 | static void satdoit (double, double, double, double, double, double, char *); |
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127 | static void satfinddelay (double, double, double, double, double *); |
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128 | static double satpropdelay (double); |
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129 | |
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130 | /* |
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131 | * main - parse arguments and handle options |
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132 | */ |
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133 | int |
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134 | main( |
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135 | int argc, |
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136 | char *argv[] |
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137 | ) |
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138 | { |
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139 | int c; |
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140 | int errflg = 0; |
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141 | double lat1, long1; |
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142 | double lat2, long2; |
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143 | double lat3, long3; |
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144 | |
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145 | progname = argv[0]; |
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146 | while ((c = ntp_getopt(argc, argv, "dh:CWG")) != EOF) |
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147 | switch (c) { |
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148 | case 'd': |
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149 | ++debug; |
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150 | break; |
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151 | case 'h': |
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152 | hflag++; |
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153 | height = atof(ntp_optarg); |
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154 | if (height <= 0.0) { |
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155 | (void) fprintf(stderr, "height %s unlikely\n", |
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156 | ntp_optarg); |
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157 | errflg++; |
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158 | } |
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159 | break; |
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160 | case 'C': |
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161 | Cflag++; |
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162 | break; |
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163 | case 'W': |
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164 | Wflag++; |
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165 | break; |
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166 | case 'G': |
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167 | Gflag++; |
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168 | break; |
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169 | default: |
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170 | errflg++; |
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171 | break; |
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172 | } |
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173 | if (errflg || (!(Cflag || Wflag || Gflag) && ntp_optind+4 != argc) || |
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174 | ((Cflag || Wflag || Gflag) && ntp_optind+2 != argc)) { |
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175 | (void) fprintf(stderr, |
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176 | "usage: %s [-d] [-h height] lat1 long1 lat2 long2\n", |
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177 | progname); |
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178 | (void) fprintf(stderr," - or -\n"); |
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179 | (void) fprintf(stderr, |
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180 | "usage: %s -CWG [-d] lat long\n", |
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181 | progname); |
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182 | exit(2); |
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183 | } |
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184 | |
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185 | |
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186 | if (!(Cflag || Wflag || Gflag)) { |
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187 | lat1 = latlong(argv[ntp_optind], 1); |
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188 | long1 = latlong(argv[ntp_optind + 1], 0); |
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189 | lat2 = latlong(argv[ntp_optind + 2], 1); |
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190 | long2 = latlong(argv[ntp_optind + 3], 0); |
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191 | if (hflag) { |
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192 | doit(lat1, long1, lat2, long2, height, ""); |
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193 | } else { |
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194 | doit(lat1, long1, lat2, long2, (double)SUMMERHEIGHT, |
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195 | "summer propagation, "); |
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196 | doit(lat1, long1, lat2, long2, (double)WINTERHEIGHT, |
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197 | "winter propagation, "); |
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198 | } |
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199 | } else if (Wflag) { |
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200 | /* |
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201 | * Compute delay from WWV |
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202 | */ |
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203 | lat1 = latlong(argv[ntp_optind], 1); |
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204 | long1 = latlong(argv[ntp_optind + 1], 0); |
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205 | lat2 = latlong(wwvlat, 1); |
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206 | long2 = latlong(wwvlong, 0); |
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207 | if (hflag) { |
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208 | doit(lat1, long1, lat2, long2, height, "WWV "); |
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209 | } else { |
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210 | doit(lat1, long1, lat2, long2, (double)SUMMERHEIGHT, |
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211 | "WWV summer propagation, "); |
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212 | doit(lat1, long1, lat2, long2, (double)WINTERHEIGHT, |
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213 | "WWV winter propagation, "); |
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214 | } |
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215 | |
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216 | /* |
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217 | * Compute delay from WWVH |
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218 | */ |
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219 | lat2 = latlong(wwvhlat, 1); |
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220 | long2 = latlong(wwvhlong, 0); |
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221 | if (hflag) { |
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222 | doit(lat1, long1, lat2, long2, height, "WWVH "); |
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223 | } else { |
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224 | doit(lat1, long1, lat2, long2, (double)SUMMERHEIGHT, |
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225 | "WWVH summer propagation, "); |
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226 | doit(lat1, long1, lat2, long2, (double)WINTERHEIGHT, |
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227 | "WWVH winter propagation, "); |
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228 | } |
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229 | } else if (Cflag) { |
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230 | lat1 = latlong(argv[ntp_optind], 1); |
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231 | long1 = latlong(argv[ntp_optind + 1], 0); |
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232 | lat2 = latlong(chulat, 1); |
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233 | long2 = latlong(chulong, 0); |
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234 | if (hflag) { |
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235 | doit(lat1, long1, lat2, long2, height, "CHU "); |
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236 | } else { |
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237 | doit(lat1, long1, lat2, long2, (double)SUMMERHEIGHT, |
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238 | "CHU summer propagation, "); |
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239 | doit(lat1, long1, lat2, long2, (double)WINTERHEIGHT, |
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240 | "CHU winter propagation, "); |
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241 | } |
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242 | } else if (Gflag) { |
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243 | lat1 = latlong(goes_up_lat, 1); |
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244 | long1 = latlong(goes_up_long, 0); |
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245 | lat3 = latlong(argv[ntp_optind], 1); |
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246 | long3 = latlong(argv[ntp_optind + 1], 0); |
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247 | |
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248 | lat2 = latlong(goes_sat_lat, 1); |
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249 | |
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250 | long2 = latlong(goes_west_long, 0); |
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251 | satdoit(lat1, long1, lat2, long2, lat3, long3, |
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252 | "GOES Delay via WEST"); |
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253 | |
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254 | long2 = latlong(goes_stby_long, 0); |
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255 | satdoit(lat1, long1, lat2, long2, lat3, long3, |
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256 | "GOES Delay via STBY"); |
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257 | |
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258 | long2 = latlong(goes_east_long, 0); |
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259 | satdoit(lat1, long1, lat2, long2, lat3, long3, |
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260 | "GOES Delay via EAST"); |
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261 | |
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262 | } |
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263 | exit(0); |
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264 | } |
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265 | |
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266 | |
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267 | /* |
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268 | * doit - compute a delay and print it |
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269 | */ |
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270 | static void |
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271 | doit( |
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272 | double lat1, |
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273 | double long1, |
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274 | double lat2, |
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275 | double long2, |
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276 | double h, |
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277 | char *str |
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278 | ) |
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279 | { |
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280 | int hops; |
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281 | double delay; |
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282 | |
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283 | hops = finddelay(lat1, long1, lat2, long2, h, &delay); |
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284 | printf("%sheight %g km, hops %d, delay %g seconds\n", |
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285 | str, h, hops, delay); |
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286 | } |
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287 | |
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288 | |
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289 | /* |
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290 | * latlong - decode a latitude/longitude value |
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291 | */ |
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292 | static double |
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293 | latlong( |
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294 | char *str, |
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295 | int islat |
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296 | ) |
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297 | { |
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298 | register char *cp; |
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299 | register char *bp; |
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300 | double arg; |
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301 | double div; |
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302 | int isneg; |
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303 | char buf[32]; |
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304 | char *colon; |
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305 | |
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306 | if (islat) { |
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307 | /* |
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308 | * Must be north or south |
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309 | */ |
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310 | if (*str == 'N' || *str == 'n') |
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311 | isneg = 0; |
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312 | else if (*str == 'S' || *str == 's') |
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313 | isneg = 1; |
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314 | else |
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315 | isneg = -1; |
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316 | } else { |
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317 | /* |
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318 | * East is positive, west is negative |
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319 | */ |
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320 | if (*str == 'E' || *str == 'e') |
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321 | isneg = 0; |
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322 | else if (*str == 'W' || *str == 'w') |
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323 | isneg = 1; |
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324 | else |
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325 | isneg = -1; |
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326 | } |
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327 | |
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328 | if (isneg >= 0) |
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329 | str++; |
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330 | |
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331 | colon = strchr(str, ':'); |
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332 | if (colon != NULL) { |
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333 | /* |
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334 | * in hhh:mm:ss form |
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335 | */ |
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336 | cp = str; |
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337 | bp = buf; |
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338 | while (cp < colon) |
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339 | *bp++ = *cp++; |
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340 | *bp = '\0'; |
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341 | cp++; |
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342 | arg = atof(buf); |
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343 | div = 60.0; |
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344 | colon = strchr(cp, ':'); |
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345 | if (colon != NULL) { |
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346 | bp = buf; |
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347 | while (cp < colon) |
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348 | *bp++ = *cp++; |
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349 | *bp = '\0'; |
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350 | cp++; |
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351 | arg += atof(buf) / div; |
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352 | div = 3600.0; |
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353 | } |
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354 | if (*cp != '\0') |
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355 | arg += atof(cp) / div; |
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356 | } else { |
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357 | arg = atof(str); |
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358 | } |
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359 | |
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360 | if (isneg == 1) |
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361 | arg = -arg; |
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362 | |
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363 | if (debug > 2) |
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364 | (void) printf("latitude/longitude %s = %g\n", str, arg); |
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365 | |
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366 | return arg; |
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367 | } |
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368 | |
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369 | |
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370 | /* |
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371 | * greatcircle - compute the great circle distance in kilometers |
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372 | */ |
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373 | static double |
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374 | greatcircle( |
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375 | double lat1, |
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376 | double long1, |
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377 | double lat2, |
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378 | double long2 |
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379 | ) |
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380 | { |
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381 | double dg; |
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382 | double l1r, l2r; |
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383 | |
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384 | l1r = lat1 * RADPERDEG; |
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385 | l2r = lat2 * RADPERDEG; |
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386 | dg = EARTHRADIUS * acos( |
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387 | (cos(l1r) * cos(l2r) * cos((long2-long1)*RADPERDEG)) |
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388 | + (sin(l1r) * sin(l2r))); |
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389 | if (debug >= 2) |
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390 | printf( |
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391 | "greatcircle lat1 %g long1 %g lat2 %g long2 %g dist %g\n", |
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392 | lat1, long1, lat2, long2, dg); |
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393 | return dg; |
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394 | } |
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395 | |
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396 | |
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397 | /* |
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398 | * waveangle - compute the wave angle for the given distance, virtual |
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399 | * height and number of hops. |
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400 | */ |
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401 | static double |
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402 | waveangle( |
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403 | double dg, |
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404 | double h, |
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405 | int n |
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406 | ) |
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407 | { |
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408 | double theta; |
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409 | double delta; |
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410 | |
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411 | theta = dg / (EARTHRADIUS * (double)(2 * n)); |
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412 | delta = atan((h / (EARTHRADIUS * sin(theta))) + tan(theta/2)) - theta; |
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413 | if (debug >= 2) |
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414 | printf("waveangle dist %g height %g hops %d angle %g\n", |
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415 | dg, h, n, delta / RADPERDEG); |
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416 | return delta; |
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417 | } |
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418 | |
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419 | |
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420 | /* |
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421 | * propdelay - compute the propagation delay |
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422 | */ |
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423 | static double |
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424 | propdelay( |
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425 | double dg, |
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426 | double h, |
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427 | int n |
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428 | ) |
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429 | { |
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430 | double phi; |
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431 | double theta; |
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432 | double td; |
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433 | |
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434 | theta = dg / (EARTHRADIUS * (double)(2 * n)); |
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435 | phi = (PI/2.0) - atan((h / (EARTHRADIUS * sin(theta))) + tan(theta/2)); |
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436 | td = dg / (LIGHTSPEED * sin(phi)); |
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437 | if (debug >= 2) |
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438 | printf("propdelay dist %g height %g hops %d time %g\n", |
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439 | dg, h, n, td); |
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440 | return td; |
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441 | } |
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442 | |
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443 | |
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444 | /* |
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445 | * finddelay - find the propagation delay |
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446 | */ |
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447 | static int |
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448 | finddelay( |
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449 | double lat1, |
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450 | double long1, |
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451 | double lat2, |
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452 | double long2, |
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453 | double h, |
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454 | double *delay |
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455 | ) |
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456 | { |
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457 | double dg; /* great circle distance */ |
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458 | double delta; /* wave angle */ |
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459 | int n; /* number of hops */ |
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460 | |
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461 | dg = greatcircle(lat1, long1, lat2, long2); |
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462 | if (debug) |
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463 | printf("great circle distance %g km %g miles\n", dg, dg/MILE); |
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464 | |
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465 | n = 1; |
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466 | while ((delta = waveangle(dg, h, n)) < 0.0) { |
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467 | if (debug) |
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468 | printf("tried %d hop%s, no good\n", n, n>1?"s":""); |
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469 | n++; |
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470 | } |
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471 | if (debug) |
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472 | printf("%d hop%s okay, wave angle is %g\n", n, n>1?"s":"", |
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473 | delta / RADPERDEG); |
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474 | |
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475 | *delay = propdelay(dg, h, n); |
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476 | return n; |
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477 | } |
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478 | |
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479 | /* |
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480 | * satdoit - compute a delay and print it |
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481 | */ |
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482 | static void |
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483 | satdoit( |
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484 | double lat1, |
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485 | double long1, |
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486 | double lat2, |
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487 | double long2, |
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488 | double lat3, |
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489 | double long3, |
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490 | char *str |
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491 | ) |
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492 | { |
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493 | double up_delay,down_delay; |
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494 | |
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495 | satfinddelay(lat1, long1, lat2, long2, &up_delay); |
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496 | satfinddelay(lat3, long3, lat2, long2, &down_delay); |
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497 | |
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498 | printf("%s, delay %g seconds\n", str, up_delay + down_delay); |
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499 | } |
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500 | |
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501 | /* |
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502 | * satfinddelay - calculate the one-way delay time between a ground station |
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503 | * and a satellite |
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504 | */ |
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505 | static void |
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506 | satfinddelay( |
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507 | double lat1, |
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508 | double long1, |
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509 | double lat2, |
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510 | double long2, |
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511 | double *delay |
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512 | ) |
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513 | { |
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514 | double dg; /* great circle distance */ |
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515 | |
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516 | dg = greatcircle(lat1, long1, lat2, long2); |
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517 | |
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518 | *delay = satpropdelay(dg); |
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519 | } |
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520 | |
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521 | /* |
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522 | * satpropdelay - calculate the one-way delay time between a ground station |
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523 | * and a satellite |
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524 | */ |
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525 | static double |
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526 | satpropdelay( |
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527 | double dg |
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528 | ) |
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529 | { |
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530 | double k1, k2, dist; |
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531 | double theta; |
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532 | double td; |
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533 | |
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534 | theta = dg / (EARTHRADIUS); |
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535 | k1 = EARTHRADIUS * sin(theta); |
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536 | k2 = SATHEIGHT - (EARTHRADIUS * cos(theta)); |
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537 | if (debug >= 2) |
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538 | printf("Theta %g k1 %g k2 %g\n", theta, k1, k2); |
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539 | dist = sqrt(k1*k1 + k2*k2); |
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540 | td = dist / LIGHTSPEED; |
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541 | if (debug >= 2) |
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542 | printf("propdelay dist %g height %g time %g\n", dg, dist, td); |
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543 | return td; |
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544 | } |
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