1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1993 |
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2 | .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. |
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3 | .\" |
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4 | .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without |
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5 | .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions |
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6 | .\" are met: |
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7 | .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright |
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8 | .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. |
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9 | .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright |
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10 | .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the |
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11 | .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. |
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12 | .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors |
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13 | .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software |
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14 | .\" without specific prior written permission. |
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15 | .\" |
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16 | .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND |
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17 | .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE |
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18 | .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE |
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19 | .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE |
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20 | .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL |
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21 | .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS |
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22 | .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) |
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23 | .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT |
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24 | .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY |
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25 | .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF |
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26 | .\" SUCH DAMAGE. |
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27 | .\" |
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28 | .\" @(#)lam.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 |
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29 | .\" $FreeBSD$ |
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30 | .\" |
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31 | .Dd August 12, 2004 |
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32 | .Dt LAM 1 |
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33 | .Os |
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34 | .Sh NAME |
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35 | .Nm lam |
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36 | .Nd laminate files |
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37 | .Sh SYNOPSIS |
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38 | .Nm |
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39 | .Op Fl f Ar min . Ns Ar max |
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40 | .Op Fl s Ar sepstring |
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41 | .Op Fl t Ar c |
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42 | .Ar |
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43 | .Nm |
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44 | .Op Fl p Ar min . Ns Ar max |
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45 | .Op Fl s Ar sepstring |
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46 | .Op Fl t Ar c |
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47 | .Ar |
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48 | .Sh DESCRIPTION |
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49 | The |
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50 | .Nm |
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51 | utility copies the named files side by side onto the standard output. |
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52 | The |
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53 | .Em n-th |
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54 | input lines from the input |
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55 | .Ar files |
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56 | are considered fragments of the single long |
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57 | .Em n-th |
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58 | output line into which they are assembled. |
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59 | The name `\fB\-\fP' means the standard input, and may be repeated. |
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60 | .Pp |
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61 | Normally, each option affects only the |
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62 | .Ar file |
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63 | after it. |
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64 | If the option letter is capitalized it affects all subsequent files |
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65 | until it appears again uncapitalized. |
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66 | The options are described below: |
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67 | .Bl -tag -width indent |
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68 | .It Fl f Ar min . Ns Ar max |
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69 | Print line fragments according to the format string |
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70 | .Ar min . Ns Ar max , |
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71 | where |
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72 | .Ar min |
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73 | is the minimum field width and |
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74 | .Ar max |
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75 | the maximum field width. |
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76 | If |
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77 | .Ar min |
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78 | begins with a zero, zeros will be added to make up the field width, |
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79 | and if it begins with a `\-', the fragment will be left-adjusted |
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80 | within the field. |
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81 | .It Fl p Ar min . Ns Ar max |
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82 | Like |
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83 | .Fl f , |
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84 | but pad this file's field when end-of-file is reached |
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85 | and other files are still active. |
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86 | .It Fl s Ar sepstring |
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87 | Print |
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88 | .Ar sepstring |
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89 | before printing line fragments from the next file. |
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90 | This option may appear after the last file. |
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91 | .It Fl t Ar c |
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92 | The input line terminator is |
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93 | .Ar c |
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94 | instead of a newline. |
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95 | The newline normally appended to each output line is omitted. |
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96 | .El |
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97 | .Pp |
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98 | To print files simultaneously for easy viewing use |
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99 | .Xr pr 1 . |
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100 | .Sh EXAMPLES |
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101 | The command |
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102 | .Bd -literal |
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103 | lam file1 file2 file3 file4 |
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104 | .Ed |
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105 | .Pp |
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106 | joins 4 files together along each line. |
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107 | To merge the lines from four different files use |
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108 | .Bd -literal |
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109 | lam file1 \-S "\\ |
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110 | " file2 file3 file4 |
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111 | .Ed |
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112 | .Pp |
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113 | Every 2 lines of a file may be joined on one line with |
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114 | .Bd -literal |
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115 | lam \- \- < file |
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116 | .Ed |
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117 | .Pp |
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118 | and a form letter with substitutions keyed by `@' can be done with |
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119 | .Bd -literal |
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120 | lam \-t @ letter changes |
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121 | .Ed |
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122 | .Sh SEE ALSO |
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123 | .Xr join 1 , |
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124 | .Xr paste 1 , |
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125 | .Xr pr 1 , |
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126 | .Xr printf 3 |
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127 | .Sh STANDARDS |
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128 | Some of the functionality of |
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129 | .Nm |
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130 | is standardized as the |
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131 | .Xr paste 1 |
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132 | utility by |
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133 | .St -p1003.2 . |
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134 | .Sh HISTORY |
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135 | The |
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136 | .Nm |
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137 | utility first appeared in |
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138 | .Bx 4.2 . |
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139 | .Sh BUGS |
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140 | The |
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141 | .Nm |
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142 | utility does not recognize multibyte characters. |
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