[8833] | 1 | This is Info file gcc.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.55 from the input |
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| 2 | file gcc.texi. |
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| 3 | |
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| 4 | This file documents the use and the internals of the GNU compiler. |
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| 5 | |
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| 6 | Published by the Free Software Foundation 59 Temple Place - Suite 330 |
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| 7 | Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA |
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| 8 | |
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| 9 | Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software |
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| 10 | Foundation, Inc. |
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| 11 | |
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| 12 | Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this |
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| 13 | manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are |
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| 14 | preserved on all copies. |
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| 15 | |
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| 16 | Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of |
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| 17 | this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also |
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| 18 | that the sections entitled "GNU General Public License," "Funding for |
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| 19 | Free Software," and "Protect Your Freedom--Fight `Look And Feel'" are |
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| 20 | included exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire |
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| 21 | resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission |
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| 22 | notice identical to this one. |
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| 23 | |
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| 24 | Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this |
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| 25 | manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified |
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| 26 | versions, except that the sections entitled "GNU General Public |
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| 27 | License," "Funding for Free Software," and "Protect Your Freedom--Fight |
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| 28 | `Look And Feel'", and this permission notice, may be included in |
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| 29 | translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in the |
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| 30 | original English. |
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| 31 | |
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| 32 | |
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| 33 | File: gcc.info, Node: Configurations, Next: Other Dir, Up: Installation |
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| 34 | |
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| 35 | Configurations Supported by GNU CC |
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| 36 | ================================== |
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| 37 | |
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| 38 | Here are the possible CPU types: |
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| 39 | |
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| 40 | 1750a, a29k, alpha, arm, cN, clipper, dsp16xx, elxsi, h8300, |
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| 41 | hppa1.0, hppa1.1, i370, i386, i486, i586, i860, i960, m68000, m68k, |
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| 42 | m88k, mips, mipsel, mips64, mips64el, ns32k, powerpc, powerpcle, |
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| 43 | pyramid, romp, rs6000, sh, sparc, sparclite, sparc64, vax, we32k. |
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| 44 | |
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| 45 | Here are the recognized company names. As you can see, customary |
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| 46 | abbreviations are used rather than the longer official names. |
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| 47 | |
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| 48 | acorn, alliant, altos, apollo, att, bull, cbm, convergent, convex, |
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| 49 | crds, dec, dg, dolphin, elxsi, encore, harris, hitachi, hp, ibm, |
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| 50 | intergraph, isi, mips, motorola, ncr, next, ns, omron, plexus, |
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| 51 | sequent, sgi, sony, sun, tti, unicom, wrs. |
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| 52 | |
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| 53 | The company name is meaningful only to disambiguate when the rest of |
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| 54 | the information supplied is insufficient. You can omit it, writing |
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| 55 | just `CPU-SYSTEM', if it is not needed. For example, `vax-ultrix4.2' |
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| 56 | is equivalent to `vax-dec-ultrix4.2'. |
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| 57 | |
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| 58 | Here is a list of system types: |
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| 59 | |
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| 60 | 386bsd, aix, acis, amigados, aos, aout, bosx, bsd, clix, coff, |
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| 61 | ctix, cxux, dgux, dynix, ebmon, ecoff, elf, esix, freebsd, hms, |
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| 62 | genix, gnu, gnu/linux, hiux, hpux, iris, irix, isc, luna, lynxos, |
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| 63 | mach, minix, msdos, mvs, netbsd, newsos, nindy, ns, osf, osfrose, |
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| 64 | ptx, riscix, riscos, rtu, sco, sim, solaris, sunos, sym, sysv, |
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| 65 | udi, ultrix, unicos, uniplus, unos, vms, vsta, vxworks, winnt, |
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| 66 | xenix. |
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| 67 | |
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| 68 | You can omit the system type; then `configure' guesses the operating |
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| 69 | system from the CPU and company. |
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| 70 | |
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| 71 | You can add a version number to the system type; this may or may not |
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| 72 | make a difference. For example, you can write `bsd4.3' or `bsd4.4' to |
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| 73 | distinguish versions of BSD. In practice, the version number is most |
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| 74 | needed for `sysv3' and `sysv4', which are often treated differently. |
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| 75 | |
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| 76 | If you specify an impossible combination such as `i860-dg-vms', then |
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| 77 | you may get an error message from `configure', or it may ignore part of |
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| 78 | the information and do the best it can with the rest. `configure' |
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| 79 | always prints the canonical name for the alternative that it used. GNU |
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| 80 | CC does not support all possible alternatives. |
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| 81 | |
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| 82 | Often a particular model of machine has a name. Many machine names |
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| 83 | are recognized as aliases for CPU/company combinations. Thus, the |
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| 84 | machine name `sun3', mentioned above, is an alias for `m68k-sun'. |
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| 85 | Sometimes we accept a company name as a machine name, when the name is |
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| 86 | popularly used for a particular machine. Here is a table of the known |
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| 87 | machine names: |
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| 88 | |
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| 89 | 3300, 3b1, 3bN, 7300, altos3068, altos, apollo68, att-7300, |
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| 90 | balance, convex-cN, crds, decstation-3100, decstation, delta, |
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| 91 | encore, fx2800, gmicro, hp7NN, hp8NN, hp9k2NN, hp9k3NN, hp9k7NN, |
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| 92 | hp9k8NN, iris4d, iris, isi68, m3230, magnum, merlin, miniframe, |
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| 93 | mmax, news-3600, news800, news, next, pbd, pc532, pmax, powerpc, |
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| 94 | powerpcle, ps2, risc-news, rtpc, sun2, sun386i, sun386, sun3, |
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| 95 | sun4, symmetry, tower-32, tower. |
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| 96 | |
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| 97 | Remember that a machine name specifies both the cpu type and the company |
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| 98 | name. If you want to install your own homemade configuration files, |
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| 99 | you can use `local' as the company name to access them. If you use |
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| 100 | configuration `CPU-local', the configuration name without the cpu prefix |
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| 101 | is used to form the configuration file names. |
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| 102 | |
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| 103 | Thus, if you specify `m68k-local', configuration uses files |
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| 104 | `m68k.md', `local.h', `m68k.c', `xm-local.h', `t-local', and `x-local', |
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| 105 | all in the directory `config/m68k'. |
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| 106 | |
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| 107 | Here is a list of configurations that have special treatment or |
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| 108 | special things you must know: |
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| 109 | |
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| 110 | `1750a-*-*' |
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| 111 | MIL-STD-1750A processors. |
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| 112 | |
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| 113 | Starting with GCC 2.6.1, the MIL-STD-1750A cross configuration no |
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| 114 | longer supports the Tektronix Assembler, but instead produces |
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| 115 | output for `as1750', an assembler/linker available under the GNU |
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| 116 | Public License for the 1750A. Contact *kellogg@space.otn.dasa.de* |
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| 117 | for more details on obtaining `as1750'. A similarly licensed |
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| 118 | simulator for the 1750A is available from same address. |
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| 119 | |
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| 120 | You should ignore a fatal error during the building of libgcc |
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| 121 | (libgcc is not yet implemented for the 1750A.) |
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| 122 | |
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| 123 | The `as1750' assembler requires the file `ms1750.inc', which is |
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| 124 | found in the directory `config/1750a'. |
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| 125 | |
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| 126 | GNU CC produced the same sections as the Fairchild F9450 C |
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| 127 | Compiler, namely: |
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| 128 | |
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| 129 | `Normal' |
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| 130 | The program code section. |
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| 131 | |
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| 132 | `Static' |
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| 133 | The read/write (RAM) data section. |
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| 134 | |
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| 135 | `Konst' |
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| 136 | The read-only (ROM) constants section. |
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| 137 | |
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| 138 | `Init' |
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| 139 | Initialization section (code to copy KREL to SREL). |
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| 140 | |
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| 141 | The smallest addressable unit is 16 bits (BITS_PER_UNIT is 16). |
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| 142 | This means that type `char' is represented with a 16-bit word per |
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| 143 | character. The 1750A's "Load/Store Upper/Lower Byte" instructions |
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| 144 | are not used by GNU CC. |
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| 145 | |
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| 146 | `alpha-*-osf1' |
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| 147 | Systems using processors that implement the DEC Alpha architecture |
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| 148 | and are running the DEC Unix (OSF/1) operating system, for example |
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| 149 | the DEC Alpha AXP systems. (VMS on the Alpha is not currently |
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| 150 | supported by GNU CC.) |
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| 151 | |
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| 152 | GNU CC writes a `.verstamp' directive to the assembler output file |
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| 153 | unless it is built as a cross-compiler. It gets the version to |
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| 154 | use from the system header file `/usr/include/stamp.h'. If you |
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| 155 | install a new version of DEC Unix, you should rebuild GCC to pick |
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| 156 | up the new version stamp. |
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| 157 | |
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| 158 | Note that since the Alpha is a 64-bit architecture, |
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| 159 | cross-compilers from 32-bit machines will not generate code as |
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| 160 | efficient as that generated when the compiler is running on a |
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| 161 | 64-bit machine because many optimizations that depend on being |
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| 162 | able to represent a word on the target in an integral value on the |
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| 163 | host cannot be performed. Building cross-compilers on the Alpha |
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| 164 | for 32-bit machines has only been tested in a few cases and may |
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| 165 | not work properly. |
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| 166 | |
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| 167 | `make compare' may fail on old versions of DEC Unix unless you add |
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| 168 | `-save-temps' to `CFLAGS'. On these systems, the name of the |
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| 169 | assembler input file is stored in the object file, and that makes |
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| 170 | comparison fail if it differs between the `stage1' and `stage2' |
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| 171 | compilations. The option `-save-temps' forces a fixed name to be |
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| 172 | used for the assembler input file, instead of a randomly chosen |
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| 173 | name in `/tmp'. Do not add `-save-temps' unless the comparisons |
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| 174 | fail without that option. If you add `-save-temps', you will have |
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| 175 | to manually delete the `.i' and `.s' files after each series of |
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| 176 | compilations. |
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| 177 | |
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| 178 | GNU CC now supports both the native (ECOFF) debugging format used |
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| 179 | by DBX and GDB and an encapsulated STABS format for use only with |
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| 180 | GDB. See the discussion of the `--with-stabs' option of |
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| 181 | `configure' above for more information on these formats and how to |
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| 182 | select them. |
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| 183 | |
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| 184 | There is a bug in DEC's assembler that produces incorrect line |
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| 185 | numbers for ECOFF format when the `.align' directive is used. To |
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| 186 | work around this problem, GNU CC will not emit such alignment |
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| 187 | directives while writing ECOFF format debugging information even |
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| 188 | if optimization is being performed. Unfortunately, this has the |
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| 189 | very undesirable side-effect that code addresses when `-O' is |
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| 190 | specified are different depending on whether or not `-g' is also |
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| 191 | specified. |
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| 192 | |
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| 193 | To avoid this behavior, specify `-gstabs+' and use GDB instead of |
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| 194 | DBX. DEC is now aware of this problem with the assembler and |
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| 195 | hopes to provide a fix shortly. |
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| 196 | |
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| 197 | `arm' |
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| 198 | Advanced RISC Machines ARM-family processors. These are often |
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| 199 | used in embedded applications. There are no standard Unix |
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| 200 | configurations. This configuration corresponds to the basic |
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| 201 | instruction sequences and will produce a.out format object modules. |
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| 202 | |
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| 203 | You may need to make a variant of the file `arm.h' for your |
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| 204 | particular configuration. |
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| 205 | |
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| 206 | `arm-*-riscix' |
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| 207 | The ARM2 or ARM3 processor running RISC iX, Acorn's port of BSD |
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| 208 | Unix. If you are running a version of RISC iX prior to 1.2 then |
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| 209 | you must specify the version number during configuration. Note |
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| 210 | that the assembler shipped with RISC iX does not support stabs |
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| 211 | debugging information; a new version of the assembler, with stabs |
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| 212 | support included, is now available from Acorn. |
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| 213 | |
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| 214 | `a29k' |
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| 215 | AMD Am29k-family processors. These are normally used in embedded |
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| 216 | applications. There are no standard Unix configurations. This |
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| 217 | configuration corresponds to AMD's standard calling sequence and |
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| 218 | binary interface and is compatible with other 29k tools. |
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| 219 | |
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| 220 | You may need to make a variant of the file `a29k.h' for your |
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| 221 | particular configuration. |
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| 222 | |
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| 223 | `a29k-*-bsd' |
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| 224 | AMD Am29050 used in a system running a variant of BSD Unix. |
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| 225 | |
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| 226 | `decstation-*' |
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| 227 | DECstations can support three different personalities: Ultrix, DEC |
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| 228 | OSF/1, and OSF/rose. To configure GCC for these platforms use the |
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| 229 | following configurations: |
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| 230 | |
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| 231 | `decstation-ultrix' |
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| 232 | Ultrix configuration. |
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| 233 | |
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| 234 | `decstation-osf1' |
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| 235 | Dec's version of OSF/1. |
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| 236 | |
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| 237 | `decstation-osfrose' |
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| 238 | Open Software Foundation reference port of OSF/1 which uses |
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| 239 | the OSF/rose object file format instead of ECOFF. Normally, |
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| 240 | you would not select this configuration. |
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| 241 | |
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| 242 | The MIPS C compiler needs to be told to increase its table size |
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| 243 | for switch statements with the `-Wf,-XNg1500' option in order to |
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| 244 | compile `cp/parse.c'. If you use the `-O2' optimization option, |
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| 245 | you also need to use `-Olimit 3000'. Both of these options are |
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| 246 | automatically generated in the `Makefile' that the shell script |
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| 247 | `configure' builds. If you override the `CC' make variable and |
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| 248 | use the MIPS compilers, you may need to add `-Wf,-XNg1500 -Olimit |
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| 249 | 3000'. |
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| 250 | |
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| 251 | `elxsi-elxsi-bsd' |
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| 252 | The Elxsi's C compiler has known limitations that prevent it from |
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| 253 | compiling GNU C. Please contact `mrs@cygnus.com' for more details. |
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| 254 | |
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| 255 | `dsp16xx' |
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| 256 | A port to the AT&T DSP1610 family of processors. |
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| 257 | |
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| 258 | `h8300-*-*' |
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| 259 | The calling convention and structure layout has changed in release |
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| 260 | 2.6. All code must be recompiled. The calling convention now |
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| 261 | passes the first three arguments in function calls in registers. |
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| 262 | Structures are no longer a multiple of 2 bytes. |
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| 263 | |
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| 264 | `hppa*-*-*' |
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| 265 | There are several variants of the HP-PA processor which run a |
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| 266 | variety of operating systems. GNU CC must be configured to use |
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| 267 | the correct processor type and operating system, or GNU CC will |
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| 268 | not function correctly. The easiest way to handle this problem is |
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| 269 | to *not* specify a target when configuring GNU CC, the `configure' |
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| 270 | script will try to automatically determine the right processor |
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| 271 | type and operating system. |
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| 272 | |
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| 273 | `-g' does not work on HP-UX, since that system uses a peculiar |
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| 274 | debugging format which GNU CC does not know about. However, `-g' |
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| 275 | will work if you also use GAS and GDB in conjunction with GCC. We |
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| 276 | highly recommend using GAS for all HP-PA configurations. |
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| 277 | |
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| 278 | You should be using GAS-2.6 (or later) along with GDB-4.16 (or |
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| 279 | later). These can be retrieved from all the traditional GNU ftp |
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| 280 | archive sites. |
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| 281 | |
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| 282 | GAS will need to be installed into a directory before `/bin', |
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| 283 | `/usr/bin', and `/usr/ccs/bin' in your search path. You should |
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| 284 | install GAS before you build GNU CC. |
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| 285 | |
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| 286 | To enable debugging, you must configure GNU CC with the |
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| 287 | `--with-gnu-as' option before building. |
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| 288 | |
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| 289 | `i370-*-*' |
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| 290 | This port is very preliminary and has many known bugs. We hope to |
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| 291 | have a higher-quality port for this machine soon. |
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| 292 | |
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| 293 | `i386-*-linuxoldld' |
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| 294 | Use this configuration to generate a.out binaries on Linux-based |
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| 295 | GNU systems, if you do not have gas/binutils version 2.5.2 or later |
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| 296 | installed. This is an obsolete configuration. |
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| 297 | |
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| 298 | `i386-*-linuxaout' |
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| 299 | Use this configuration to generate a.out binaries on Linux-based |
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| 300 | GNU systems. This configuration is being superseded. You must use |
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| 301 | gas/binutils version 2.5.2 or later. |
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| 302 | |
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| 303 | `i386-*-linux' |
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| 304 | Use this configuration to generate ELF binaries on Linux-based GNU |
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| 305 | systems. You must use gas/binutils version 2.5.2 or later. |
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| 306 | |
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| 307 | `i386-*-sco' |
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| 308 | Compilation with RCC is recommended. Also, it may be a good idea |
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| 309 | to link with GNU malloc instead of the malloc that comes with the |
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| 310 | system. |
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| 311 | |
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| 312 | `i386-*-sco3.2v4' |
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| 313 | Use this configuration for SCO release 3.2 version 4. |
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| 314 | |
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| 315 | `i386-*-isc' |
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| 316 | It may be a good idea to link with GNU malloc instead of the |
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| 317 | malloc that comes with the system. |
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| 318 | |
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| 319 | In ISC version 4.1, `sed' core dumps when building `deduced.h'. |
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| 320 | Use the version of `sed' from version 4.0. |
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| 321 | |
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| 322 | `i386-*-esix' |
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| 323 | It may be good idea to link with GNU malloc instead of the malloc |
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| 324 | that comes with the system. |
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| 325 | |
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| 326 | `i386-ibm-aix' |
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| 327 | You need to use GAS version 2.1 or later, and and LD from GNU |
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| 328 | binutils version 2.2 or later. |
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| 329 | |
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| 330 | `i386-sequent-bsd' |
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| 331 | Go to the Berkeley universe before compiling. In addition, you |
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| 332 | probably need to create a file named `string.h' containing just |
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| 333 | one line: `#include <strings.h>'. |
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| 334 | |
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| 335 | `i386-sequent-ptx1*' |
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| 336 | Sequent DYNIX/ptx 1.x. |
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| 337 | |
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| 338 | `i386-sequent-ptx2*' |
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| 339 | Sequent DYNIX/ptx 2.x. |
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| 340 | |
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| 341 | `i386-sun-sunos4' |
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| 342 | You may find that you need another version of GNU CC to begin |
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| 343 | bootstrapping with, since the current version when built with the |
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| 344 | system's own compiler seems to get an infinite loop compiling part |
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| 345 | of `libgcc2.c'. GNU CC version 2 compiled with GNU CC (any |
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| 346 | version) seems not to have this problem. |
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| 347 | |
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| 348 | See *Note Sun Install::, for information on installing GNU CC on |
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| 349 | Sun systems. |
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| 350 | |
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| 351 | `i[345]86-*-winnt3.5' |
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| 352 | This version requires a GAS that has not let been released. Until |
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| 353 | it is, you can get a prebuilt binary version via anonymous ftp from |
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| 354 | `cs.washington.edu:pub/gnat' or `cs.nyu.edu:pub/gnat'. You must |
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| 355 | also use the Microsoft header files from the Windows NT 3.5 SDK. |
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| 356 | Find these on the CDROM in the `/mstools/h' directory dated |
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| 357 | 9/4/94. You must use a fixed version of Microsoft linker made |
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| 358 | especially for NT 3.5, which is also is available on the NT 3.5 |
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| 359 | SDK CDROM. If you do not have this linker, can you also use the |
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| 360 | linker from Visual C/C++ 1.0 or 2.0. |
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| 361 | |
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| 362 | Installing GNU CC for NT builds a wrapper linker, called `ld.exe', |
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| 363 | which mimics the behaviour of Unix `ld' in the specification of |
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| 364 | libraries (`-L' and `-l'). `ld.exe' looks for both Unix and |
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| 365 | Microsoft named libraries. For example, if you specify `-lfoo', |
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| 366 | `ld.exe' will look first for `libfoo.a' and then for `foo.lib'. |
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| 367 | |
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| 368 | You may install GNU CC for Windows NT in one of two ways, |
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| 369 | depending on whether or not you have a Unix-like shell and various |
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| 370 | Unix-like utilities. |
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| 371 | |
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| 372 | 1. If you do not have a Unix-like shell and few Unix-like |
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| 373 | utilities, you will use a DOS style batch script called |
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| 374 | `configure.bat'. Invoke it as `configure winnt' from an |
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| 375 | MSDOS console window or from the program manager dialog box. |
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| 376 | `configure.bat' assumes you have already installed and have |
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| 377 | in your path a Unix-like `sed' program which is used to |
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| 378 | create a working `Makefile' from `Makefile.in'. |
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| 379 | |
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| 380 | `Makefile' uses the Microsoft Nmake program maintenance |
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| 381 | utility and the Visual C/C++ V8.00 compiler to build GNU CC. |
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| 382 | You need only have the utilities `sed' and `touch' to use |
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| 383 | this installation method, which only automatically builds the |
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| 384 | compiler itself. You must then examine what `fixinc.winnt' |
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| 385 | does, edit the header files by hand and build `libgcc.a' |
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| 386 | manually. |
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| 387 | |
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| 388 | 2. The second type of installation assumes you are running a |
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| 389 | Unix-like shell, have a complete suite of Unix-like utilities |
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| 390 | in your path, and have a previous version of GNU CC already |
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| 391 | installed, either through building it via the above |
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| 392 | installation method or acquiring a pre-built binary. In this |
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| 393 | case, use the `configure' script in the normal fashion. |
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| 394 | |
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| 395 | `i860-intel-osf1' |
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| 396 | This is the Paragon. If you have version 1.0 of the operating |
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| 397 | system, see *Note Installation Problems::, for special things you |
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| 398 | need to do to compensate for peculiarities in the system. |
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| 399 | |
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| 400 | `*-lynx-lynxos' |
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| 401 | LynxOS 2.2 and earlier comes with GNU CC 1.x already installed as |
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| 402 | `/bin/gcc'. You should compile with this instead of `/bin/cc'. |
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| 403 | You can tell GNU CC to use the GNU assembler and linker, by |
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| 404 | specifying `--with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld' when configuring. These |
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| 405 | will produce COFF format object files and executables; otherwise |
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| 406 | GNU CC will use the installed tools, which produce a.out format |
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| 407 | executables. |
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| 408 | |
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| 409 | `m68000-hp-bsd' |
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| 410 | HP 9000 series 200 running BSD. Note that the C compiler that |
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| 411 | comes with this system cannot compile GNU CC; contact |
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| 412 | `law@cs.utah.edu' to get binaries of GNU CC for bootstrapping. |
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| 413 | |
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| 414 | `m68k-altos' |
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| 415 | Altos 3068. You must use the GNU assembler, linker and debugger. |
---|
| 416 | Also, you must fix a kernel bug. Details in the file |
---|
| 417 | `README.ALTOS'. |
---|
| 418 | |
---|
| 419 | `m68k-att-sysv' |
---|
| 420 | AT&T 3b1, a.k.a. 7300 PC. Special procedures are needed to |
---|
| 421 | compile GNU CC with this machine's standard C compiler, due to |
---|
| 422 | bugs in that compiler. You can bootstrap it more easily with |
---|
| 423 | previous versions of GNU CC if you have them. |
---|
| 424 | |
---|
| 425 | Installing GNU CC on the 3b1 is difficult if you do not already |
---|
| 426 | have GNU CC running, due to bugs in the installed C compiler. |
---|
| 427 | However, the following procedure might work. We are unable to |
---|
| 428 | test it. |
---|
| 429 | |
---|
| 430 | 1. Comment out the `#include "config.h"' line on line 37 of |
---|
| 431 | `cccp.c' and do `make cpp'. This makes a preliminary version |
---|
| 432 | of GNU cpp. |
---|
| 433 | |
---|
| 434 | 2. Save the old `/lib/cpp' and copy the preliminary GNU cpp to |
---|
| 435 | that file name. |
---|
| 436 | |
---|
| 437 | 3. Undo your change in `cccp.c', or reinstall the original |
---|
| 438 | version, and do `make cpp' again. |
---|
| 439 | |
---|
| 440 | 4. Copy this final version of GNU cpp into `/lib/cpp'. |
---|
| 441 | |
---|
| 442 | 5. Replace every occurrence of `obstack_free' in the file |
---|
| 443 | `tree.c' with `_obstack_free'. |
---|
| 444 | |
---|
| 445 | 6. Run `make' to get the first-stage GNU CC. |
---|
| 446 | |
---|
| 447 | 7. Reinstall the original version of `/lib/cpp'. |
---|
| 448 | |
---|
| 449 | 8. Now you can compile GNU CC with itself and install it in the |
---|
| 450 | normal fashion. |
---|
| 451 | |
---|
| 452 | `m68k-bull-sysv' |
---|
| 453 | Bull DPX/2 series 200 and 300 with BOS-2.00.45 up to BOS-2.01. GNU |
---|
| 454 | CC works either with native assembler or GNU assembler. You can use |
---|
| 455 | GNU assembler with native coff generation by providing |
---|
| 456 | `--with-gnu-as' to the configure script or use GNU assembler with |
---|
| 457 | dbx-in-coff encapsulation by providing `--with-gnu-as --stabs'. |
---|
| 458 | For any problem with native assembler or for availability of the |
---|
| 459 | DPX/2 port of GAS, contact `F.Pierresteguy@frcl.bull.fr'. |
---|
| 460 | |
---|
| 461 | `m68k-crds-unox' |
---|
| 462 | Use `configure unos' for building on Unos. |
---|
| 463 | |
---|
| 464 | The Unos assembler is named `casm' instead of `as'. For some |
---|
| 465 | strange reason linking `/bin/as' to `/bin/casm' changes the |
---|
| 466 | behavior, and does not work. So, when installing GNU CC, you |
---|
| 467 | should install the following script as `as' in the subdirectory |
---|
| 468 | where the passes of GCC are installed: |
---|
| 469 | |
---|
| 470 | #!/bin/sh |
---|
| 471 | casm $* |
---|
| 472 | |
---|
| 473 | The default Unos library is named `libunos.a' instead of `libc.a'. |
---|
| 474 | To allow GNU CC to function, either change all references to |
---|
| 475 | `-lc' in `gcc.c' to `-lunos' or link `/lib/libc.a' to |
---|
| 476 | `/lib/libunos.a'. |
---|
| 477 | |
---|
| 478 | When compiling GNU CC with the standard compiler, to overcome bugs |
---|
| 479 | in the support of `alloca', do not use `-O' when making stage 2. |
---|
| 480 | Then use the stage 2 compiler with `-O' to make the stage 3 |
---|
| 481 | compiler. This compiler will have the same characteristics as the |
---|
| 482 | usual stage 2 compiler on other systems. Use it to make a stage 4 |
---|
| 483 | compiler and compare that with stage 3 to verify proper |
---|
| 484 | compilation. |
---|
| 485 | |
---|
| 486 | (Perhaps simply defining `ALLOCA' in `x-crds' as described in the |
---|
| 487 | comments there will make the above paragraph superfluous. Please |
---|
| 488 | inform us of whether this works.) |
---|
| 489 | |
---|
| 490 | Unos uses memory segmentation instead of demand paging, so you |
---|
| 491 | will need a lot of memory. 5 Mb is barely enough if no other |
---|
| 492 | tasks are running. If linking `cc1' fails, try putting the object |
---|
| 493 | files into a library and linking from that library. |
---|
| 494 | |
---|
| 495 | `m68k-hp-hpux' |
---|
| 496 | HP 9000 series 300 or 400 running HP-UX. HP-UX version 8.0 has a |
---|
| 497 | bug in the assembler that prevents compilation of GNU CC. To fix |
---|
| 498 | it, get patch PHCO_4484 from HP. |
---|
| 499 | |
---|
| 500 | In addition, if you wish to use gas `--with-gnu-as' you must use |
---|
| 501 | gas version 2.1 or later, and you must use the GNU linker version |
---|
| 502 | 2.1 or later. Earlier versions of gas relied upon a program which |
---|
| 503 | converted the gas output into the native HP/UX format, but that |
---|
| 504 | program has not been kept up to date. gdb does not understand |
---|
| 505 | that native HP/UX format, so you must use gas if you wish to use |
---|
| 506 | gdb. |
---|
| 507 | |
---|
| 508 | `m68k-sun' |
---|
| 509 | Sun 3. We do not provide a configuration file to use the Sun FPA |
---|
| 510 | by default, because programs that establish signal handlers for |
---|
| 511 | floating point traps inherently cannot work with the FPA. |
---|
| 512 | |
---|
| 513 | See *Note Sun Install::, for information on installing GNU CC on |
---|
| 514 | Sun systems. |
---|
| 515 | |
---|
| 516 | `m88k-*-svr3' |
---|
| 517 | Motorola m88k running the AT&T/Unisoft/Motorola V.3 reference port. |
---|
| 518 | These systems tend to use the Green Hills C, revision 1.8.5, as the |
---|
| 519 | standard C compiler. There are apparently bugs in this compiler |
---|
| 520 | that result in object files differences between stage 2 and stage |
---|
| 521 | 3. If this happens, make the stage 4 compiler and compare it to |
---|
| 522 | the stage 3 compiler. If the stage 3 and stage 4 object files are |
---|
| 523 | identical, this suggests you encountered a problem with the |
---|
| 524 | standard C compiler; the stage 3 and 4 compilers may be usable. |
---|
| 525 | |
---|
| 526 | It is best, however, to use an older version of GNU CC for |
---|
| 527 | bootstrapping if you have one. |
---|
| 528 | |
---|
| 529 | `m88k-*-dgux' |
---|
| 530 | Motorola m88k running DG/UX. To build 88open BCS native or cross |
---|
| 531 | compilers on DG/UX, specify the configuration name as |
---|
| 532 | `m88k-*-dguxbcs' and build in the 88open BCS software development |
---|
| 533 | environment. To build ELF native or cross compilers on DG/UX, |
---|
| 534 | specify `m88k-*-dgux' and build in the DG/UX ELF development |
---|
| 535 | environment. You set the software development environment by |
---|
| 536 | issuing `sde-target' command and specifying either `m88kbcs' or |
---|
| 537 | `m88kdguxelf' as the operand. |
---|
| 538 | |
---|
| 539 | If you do not specify a configuration name, `configure' guesses the |
---|
| 540 | configuration based on the current software development |
---|
| 541 | environment. |
---|
| 542 | |
---|
| 543 | `m88k-tektronix-sysv3' |
---|
| 544 | Tektronix XD88 running UTekV 3.2e. Do not turn on optimization |
---|
| 545 | while building stage1 if you bootstrap with the buggy Green Hills |
---|
| 546 | compiler. Also, The bundled LAI System V NFS is buggy so if you |
---|
| 547 | build in an NFS mounted directory, start from a fresh reboot, or |
---|
| 548 | avoid NFS all together. Otherwise you may have trouble getting |
---|
| 549 | clean comparisons between stages. |
---|
| 550 | |
---|
| 551 | `mips-mips-bsd' |
---|
| 552 | MIPS machines running the MIPS operating system in BSD mode. It's |
---|
| 553 | possible that some old versions of the system lack the functions |
---|
| 554 | `memcpy', `memcmp', and `memset'. If your system lacks these, you |
---|
| 555 | must remove or undo the definition of `TARGET_MEM_FUNCTIONS' in |
---|
| 556 | `mips-bsd.h'. |
---|
| 557 | |
---|
| 558 | The MIPS C compiler needs to be told to increase its table size |
---|
| 559 | for switch statements with the `-Wf,-XNg1500' option in order to |
---|
| 560 | compile `cp/parse.c'. If you use the `-O2' optimization option, |
---|
| 561 | you also need to use `-Olimit 3000'. Both of these options are |
---|
| 562 | automatically generated in the `Makefile' that the shell script |
---|
| 563 | `configure' builds. If you override the `CC' make variable and |
---|
| 564 | use the MIPS compilers, you may need to add `-Wf,-XNg1500 -Olimit |
---|
| 565 | 3000'. |
---|
| 566 | |
---|
| 567 | `mips-mips-riscos*' |
---|
| 568 | The MIPS C compiler needs to be told to increase its table size |
---|
| 569 | for switch statements with the `-Wf,-XNg1500' option in order to |
---|
| 570 | compile `cp/parse.c'. If you use the `-O2' optimization option, |
---|
| 571 | you also need to use `-Olimit 3000'. Both of these options are |
---|
| 572 | automatically generated in the `Makefile' that the shell script |
---|
| 573 | `configure' builds. If you override the `CC' make variable and |
---|
| 574 | use the MIPS compilers, you may need to add `-Wf,-XNg1500 -Olimit |
---|
| 575 | 3000'. |
---|
| 576 | |
---|
| 577 | MIPS computers running RISC-OS can support four different |
---|
| 578 | personalities: default, BSD 4.3, System V.3, and System V.4 (older |
---|
| 579 | versions of RISC-OS don't support V.4). To configure GCC for |
---|
| 580 | these platforms use the following configurations: |
---|
| 581 | |
---|
| 582 | `mips-mips-riscos`rev'' |
---|
| 583 | Default configuration for RISC-OS, revision `rev'. |
---|
| 584 | |
---|
| 585 | `mips-mips-riscos`rev'bsd' |
---|
| 586 | BSD 4.3 configuration for RISC-OS, revision `rev'. |
---|
| 587 | |
---|
| 588 | `mips-mips-riscos`rev'sysv4' |
---|
| 589 | System V.4 configuration for RISC-OS, revision `rev'. |
---|
| 590 | |
---|
| 591 | `mips-mips-riscos`rev'sysv' |
---|
| 592 | System V.3 configuration for RISC-OS, revision `rev'. |
---|
| 593 | |
---|
| 594 | The revision `rev' mentioned above is the revision of RISC-OS to |
---|
| 595 | use. You must reconfigure GCC when going from a RISC-OS revision |
---|
| 596 | 4 to RISC-OS revision 5. This has the effect of avoiding a linker |
---|
| 597 | bug (see *Note Installation Problems::, for more details). |
---|
| 598 | |
---|
| 599 | `mips-sgi-*' |
---|
| 600 | In order to compile GCC on an SGI running IRIX 4, the "c.hdr.lib" |
---|
| 601 | option must be installed from the CD-ROM supplied from Silicon |
---|
| 602 | Graphics. This is found on the 2nd CD in release 4.0.1. |
---|
| 603 | |
---|
| 604 | In order to compile GCC on an SGI running IRIX 5, the |
---|
| 605 | "compiler_dev.hdr" subsystem must be installed from the IDO CD-ROM |
---|
| 606 | supplied by Silicon Graphics. |
---|
| 607 | |
---|
| 608 | `make compare' may fail on version 5 of IRIX unless you add |
---|
| 609 | `-save-temps' to `CFLAGS'. On these systems, the name of the |
---|
| 610 | assembler input file is stored in the object file, and that makes |
---|
| 611 | comparison fail if it differs between the `stage1' and `stage2' |
---|
| 612 | compilations. The option `-save-temps' forces a fixed name to be |
---|
| 613 | used for the assembler input file, instead of a randomly chosen |
---|
| 614 | name in `/tmp'. Do not add `-save-temps' unless the comparisons |
---|
| 615 | fail without that option. If you do you `-save-temps', you will |
---|
| 616 | have to manually delete the `.i' and `.s' files after each series |
---|
| 617 | of compilations. |
---|
| 618 | |
---|
| 619 | The MIPS C compiler needs to be told to increase its table size |
---|
| 620 | for switch statements with the `-Wf,-XNg1500' option in order to |
---|
| 621 | compile `cp/parse.c'. If you use the `-O2' optimization option, |
---|
| 622 | you also need to use `-Olimit 3000'. Both of these options are |
---|
| 623 | automatically generated in the `Makefile' that the shell script |
---|
| 624 | `configure' builds. If you override the `CC' make variable and |
---|
| 625 | use the MIPS compilers, you may need to add `-Wf,-XNg1500 -Olimit |
---|
| 626 | 3000'. |
---|
| 627 | |
---|
| 628 | On Irix version 4.0.5F, and perhaps on some other versions as well, |
---|
| 629 | there is an assembler bug that reorders instructions incorrectly. |
---|
| 630 | To work around it, specify the target configuration |
---|
| 631 | `mips-sgi-irix4loser'. This configuration inhibits assembler |
---|
| 632 | optimization. |
---|
| 633 | |
---|
| 634 | In a compiler configured with target `mips-sgi-irix4', you can turn |
---|
| 635 | off assembler optimization by using the `-noasmopt' option. This |
---|
| 636 | compiler option passes the option `-O0' to the assembler, to |
---|
| 637 | inhibit reordering. |
---|
| 638 | |
---|
| 639 | The `-noasmopt' option can be useful for testing whether a problem |
---|
| 640 | is due to erroneous assembler reordering. Even if a problem does |
---|
| 641 | not go away with `-noasmopt', it may still be due to assembler |
---|
| 642 | reordering--perhaps GNU CC itself was miscompiled as a result. |
---|
| 643 | |
---|
| 644 | To enable debugging under Irix 5, you must use GNU as 2.5 or later, |
---|
| 645 | and use the `--with-gnu-as' configure option when configuring gcc. |
---|
| 646 | GNU as is distributed as part of the binutils package. |
---|
| 647 | |
---|
| 648 | `mips-sony-sysv' |
---|
| 649 | Sony MIPS NEWS. This works in NEWSOS 5.0.1, but not in 5.0.2 |
---|
| 650 | (which uses ELF instead of COFF). Support for 5.0.2 will probably |
---|
| 651 | be provided soon by volunteers. In particular, the linker does |
---|
| 652 | not like the code generated by GCC when shared libraries are |
---|
| 653 | linked in. |
---|
| 654 | |
---|
| 655 | `ns32k-encore' |
---|
| 656 | Encore ns32000 system. Encore systems are supported only under |
---|
| 657 | BSD. |
---|
| 658 | |
---|
| 659 | `ns32k-*-genix' |
---|
| 660 | National Semiconductor ns32000 system. Genix has bugs in `alloca' |
---|
| 661 | and `malloc'; you must get the compiled versions of these from GNU |
---|
| 662 | Emacs. |
---|
| 663 | |
---|
| 664 | `ns32k-sequent' |
---|
| 665 | Go to the Berkeley universe before compiling. In addition, you |
---|
| 666 | probably need to create a file named `string.h' containing just |
---|
| 667 | one line: `#include <strings.h>'. |
---|
| 668 | |
---|
| 669 | `ns32k-utek' |
---|
| 670 | UTEK ns32000 system ("merlin"). The C compiler that comes with |
---|
| 671 | this system cannot compile GNU CC; contact `tektronix!reed!mason' |
---|
| 672 | to get binaries of GNU CC for bootstrapping. |
---|
| 673 | |
---|
| 674 | `romp-*-aos' |
---|
| 675 | `romp-*-mach' |
---|
| 676 | The only operating systems supported for the IBM RT PC are AOS and |
---|
| 677 | MACH. GNU CC does not support AIX running on the RT. We |
---|
| 678 | recommend you compile GNU CC with an earlier version of itself; if |
---|
| 679 | you compile GNU CC with `hc', the Metaware compiler, it will work, |
---|
| 680 | but you will get mismatches between the stage 2 and stage 3 |
---|
| 681 | compilers in various files. These errors are minor differences in |
---|
| 682 | some floating-point constants and can be safely ignored; the stage |
---|
| 683 | 3 compiler is correct. |
---|
| 684 | |
---|
| 685 | `rs6000-*-aix' |
---|
| 686 | `powerpc-*-aix' |
---|
| 687 | Various early versions of each release of the IBM XLC compiler |
---|
| 688 | will not bootstrap GNU CC. Symptoms include differences between |
---|
| 689 | the stage2 and stage3 object files, and errors when compiling |
---|
| 690 | `libgcc.a' or `enquire'. Known problematic releases include: |
---|
| 691 | xlc-1.2.1.8, xlc-1.3.0.0 (distributed with AIX 3.2.5), and |
---|
| 692 | xlc-1.3.0.19. Both xlc-1.2.1.28 and xlc-1.3.0.24 (PTF 432238) are |
---|
| 693 | known to produce working versions of GNU CC, but most other recent |
---|
| 694 | releases correctly bootstrap GNU CC. Also, releases of AIX prior |
---|
| 695 | to AIX 3.2.4 include a version of the IBM assembler which does not |
---|
| 696 | accept debugging directives: assembler updates are available as |
---|
| 697 | PTFs. Also, if you are using AIX 3.2.5 or greater and the GNU |
---|
| 698 | assembler, you must have a version modified after October 16th, |
---|
| 699 | 1995 in order for the GNU C compiler to build. See the file |
---|
| 700 | `README.RS6000' for more details on of these problems. |
---|
| 701 | |
---|
| 702 | GNU CC does not yet support the 64-bit PowerPC instructions. |
---|
| 703 | |
---|
| 704 | Objective C does not work on this architecture because it makes |
---|
| 705 | assumptions that are incompatible with the calling conventions. |
---|
| 706 | |
---|
| 707 | AIX on the RS/6000 provides support (NLS) for environments outside |
---|
| 708 | of the United States. Compilers and assemblers use NLS to support |
---|
| 709 | locale-specific representations of various objects including |
---|
| 710 | floating-point numbers ("." vs "," for separating decimal |
---|
| 711 | fractions). There have been problems reported where the library |
---|
| 712 | linked with GNU CC does not produce the same floating-point |
---|
| 713 | formats that the assembler accepts. If you have this problem, set |
---|
| 714 | the LANG environment variable to "C" or "En_US". |
---|
| 715 | |
---|
| 716 | Due to changes in the way that GNU CC invokes the binder (linker) |
---|
| 717 | for AIX 4.1, you may now receive warnings of duplicate symbols |
---|
| 718 | from the link step that were not reported before. The assembly |
---|
| 719 | files generated by GNU CC for AIX have always included multiple |
---|
| 720 | symbol definitions for certain global variable and function |
---|
| 721 | declarations in the original program. The warnings should not |
---|
| 722 | prevent the linker from producing a correct library or runnable |
---|
| 723 | executable. |
---|
| 724 | |
---|
| 725 | `powerpc-*-elf' |
---|
| 726 | `powerpc-*-sysv4' |
---|
| 727 | PowerPC system in big endian mode, running System V.4. |
---|
| 728 | |
---|
| 729 | This configuration is currently under development. |
---|
| 730 | |
---|
| 731 | `powerpc-*-eabiaix' |
---|
| 732 | Embedded PowerPC system in big endian mode with -mcall-aix |
---|
| 733 | selected as the default. This system is currently under |
---|
| 734 | development. |
---|
| 735 | |
---|
| 736 | `powerpc-*-eabisim' |
---|
| 737 | Embedded PowerPC system in big endian mode for use in running |
---|
| 738 | under the PSIM simulator. This system is currently under |
---|
| 739 | development. |
---|
| 740 | |
---|
| 741 | `powerpc-*-eabi' |
---|
| 742 | Embedded PowerPC system in big endian mode. |
---|
| 743 | |
---|
| 744 | This configuration is currently under development. |
---|
| 745 | |
---|
| 746 | `powerpcle-*-elf' |
---|
| 747 | `powerpcle-*-sysv4' |
---|
| 748 | PowerPC system in little endian mode, running System V.4. |
---|
| 749 | |
---|
| 750 | This configuration is currently under development. |
---|
| 751 | |
---|
| 752 | `powerpcle-*-sysv4' |
---|
| 753 | Embedded PowerPC system in little endian mode. |
---|
| 754 | |
---|
| 755 | This system is currently under development. |
---|
| 756 | |
---|
| 757 | `powerpcle-*-eabisim' |
---|
| 758 | Embedded PowerPC system in little endian mode for use in running |
---|
| 759 | under the PSIM simulator. |
---|
| 760 | |
---|
| 761 | This system is currently under development. |
---|
| 762 | |
---|
| 763 | `powerpcle-*-eabi' |
---|
| 764 | Embedded PowerPC system in little endian mode. |
---|
| 765 | |
---|
| 766 | This configuration is currently under development. |
---|
| 767 | |
---|
| 768 | `vax-dec-ultrix' |
---|
| 769 | Don't try compiling with Vax C (`vcc'). It produces incorrect code |
---|
| 770 | in some cases (for example, when `alloca' is used). |
---|
| 771 | |
---|
| 772 | Meanwhile, compiling `cp/parse.c' with pcc does not work because of |
---|
| 773 | an internal table size limitation in that compiler. To avoid this |
---|
| 774 | problem, compile just the GNU C compiler first, and use it to |
---|
| 775 | recompile building all the languages that you want to run. |
---|
| 776 | |
---|
| 777 | `sparc-sun-*' |
---|
| 778 | See *Note Sun Install::, for information on installing GNU CC on |
---|
| 779 | Sun systems. |
---|
| 780 | |
---|
| 781 | `vax-dec-vms' |
---|
| 782 | See *Note VMS Install::, for details on how to install GNU CC on |
---|
| 783 | VMS. |
---|
| 784 | |
---|
| 785 | `we32k-*-*' |
---|
| 786 | These computers are also known as the 3b2, 3b5, 3b20 and other |
---|
| 787 | similar names. (However, the 3b1 is actually a 68000; see *Note |
---|
| 788 | Configurations::.) |
---|
| 789 | |
---|
| 790 | Don't use `-g' when compiling with the system's compiler. The |
---|
| 791 | system's linker seems to be unable to handle such a large program |
---|
| 792 | with debugging information. |
---|
| 793 | |
---|
| 794 | The system's compiler runs out of capacity when compiling `stmt.c' |
---|
| 795 | in GNU CC. You can work around this by building `cpp' in GNU CC |
---|
| 796 | first, then use that instead of the system's preprocessor with the |
---|
| 797 | system's C compiler to compile `stmt.c'. Here is how: |
---|
| 798 | |
---|
| 799 | mv /lib/cpp /lib/cpp.att |
---|
| 800 | cp cpp /lib/cpp.gnu |
---|
| 801 | echo '/lib/cpp.gnu -traditional ${1+"$@"}' > /lib/cpp |
---|
| 802 | chmod +x /lib/cpp |
---|
| 803 | |
---|
| 804 | The system's compiler produces bad code for some of the GNU CC |
---|
| 805 | optimization files. So you must build the stage 2 compiler without |
---|
| 806 | optimization. Then build a stage 3 compiler with optimization. |
---|
| 807 | That executable should work. Here are the necessary commands: |
---|
| 808 | |
---|
| 809 | make LANGUAGES=c CC=stage1/xgcc CFLAGS="-Bstage1/ -g" |
---|
| 810 | make stage2 |
---|
| 811 | make CC=stage2/xgcc CFLAGS="-Bstage2/ -g -O" |
---|
| 812 | |
---|
| 813 | You may need to raise the ULIMIT setting to build a C++ compiler, |
---|
| 814 | as the file `cc1plus' is larger than one megabyte. |
---|
| 815 | |
---|
| 816 | |
---|
| 817 | File: gcc.info, Node: Other Dir, Next: Cross-Compiler, Prev: Configurations, Up: Installation |
---|
| 818 | |
---|
| 819 | Compilation in a Separate Directory |
---|
| 820 | =================================== |
---|
| 821 | |
---|
| 822 | If you wish to build the object files and executables in a directory |
---|
| 823 | other than the one containing the source files, here is what you must |
---|
| 824 | do differently: |
---|
| 825 | |
---|
| 826 | 1. Make sure you have a version of Make that supports the `VPATH' |
---|
| 827 | feature. (GNU Make supports it, as do Make versions on most BSD |
---|
| 828 | systems.) |
---|
| 829 | |
---|
| 830 | 2. If you have ever run `configure' in the source directory, you must |
---|
| 831 | undo the configuration. Do this by running: |
---|
| 832 | |
---|
| 833 | make distclean |
---|
| 834 | |
---|
| 835 | 3. Go to the directory in which you want to build the compiler before |
---|
| 836 | running `configure': |
---|
| 837 | |
---|
| 838 | mkdir gcc-sun3 |
---|
| 839 | cd gcc-sun3 |
---|
| 840 | |
---|
| 841 | On systems that do not support symbolic links, this directory must |
---|
| 842 | be on the same file system as the source code directory. |
---|
| 843 | |
---|
| 844 | 4. Specify where to find `configure' when you run it: |
---|
| 845 | |
---|
| 846 | ../gcc/configure ... |
---|
| 847 | |
---|
| 848 | This also tells `configure' where to find the compiler sources; |
---|
| 849 | `configure' takes the directory from the file name that was used to |
---|
| 850 | invoke it. But if you want to be sure, you can specify the source |
---|
| 851 | directory with the `--srcdir' option, like this: |
---|
| 852 | |
---|
| 853 | ../gcc/configure --srcdir=../gcc OTHER OPTIONS |
---|
| 854 | |
---|
| 855 | The directory you specify with `--srcdir' need not be the same as |
---|
| 856 | the one that `configure' is found in. |
---|
| 857 | |
---|
| 858 | Now, you can run `make' in that directory. You need not repeat the |
---|
| 859 | configuration steps shown above, when ordinary source files change. You |
---|
| 860 | must, however, run `configure' again when the configuration files |
---|
| 861 | change, if your system does not support symbolic links. |
---|
| 862 | |
---|
| 863 | |
---|
| 864 | File: gcc.info, Node: Cross-Compiler, Next: Sun Install, Prev: Other Dir, Up: Installation |
---|
| 865 | |
---|
| 866 | Building and Installing a Cross-Compiler |
---|
| 867 | ======================================== |
---|
| 868 | |
---|
| 869 | GNU CC can function as a cross-compiler for many machines, but not |
---|
| 870 | all. |
---|
| 871 | |
---|
| 872 | * Cross-compilers for the Mips as target using the Mips assembler |
---|
| 873 | currently do not work, because the auxiliary programs |
---|
| 874 | `mips-tdump.c' and `mips-tfile.c' can't be compiled on anything |
---|
| 875 | but a Mips. It does work to cross compile for a Mips if you use |
---|
| 876 | the GNU assembler and linker. |
---|
| 877 | |
---|
| 878 | * Cross-compilers between machines with different floating point |
---|
| 879 | formats have not all been made to work. GNU CC now has a floating |
---|
| 880 | point emulator with which these can work, but each target machine |
---|
| 881 | description needs to be updated to take advantage of it. |
---|
| 882 | |
---|
| 883 | * Cross-compilation between machines of different word sizes is |
---|
| 884 | somewhat problematic and sometimes does not work. |
---|
| 885 | |
---|
| 886 | Since GNU CC generates assembler code, you probably need a |
---|
| 887 | cross-assembler that GNU CC can run, in order to produce object files. |
---|
| 888 | If you want to link on other than the target machine, you need a |
---|
| 889 | cross-linker as well. You also need header files and libraries suitable |
---|
| 890 | for the target machine that you can install on the host machine. |
---|
| 891 | |
---|
| 892 | * Menu: |
---|
| 893 | |
---|
| 894 | * Steps of Cross:: Using a cross-compiler involves several steps |
---|
| 895 | that may be carried out on different machines. |
---|
| 896 | * Configure Cross:: Configuring a cross-compiler. |
---|
| 897 | * Tools and Libraries:: Where to put the linker and assembler, and the C library. |
---|
| 898 | * Cross Headers:: Finding and installing header files |
---|
| 899 | for a cross-compiler. |
---|
| 900 | * Cross Runtime:: Supplying arithmetic runtime routines (`libgcc1.a'). |
---|
| 901 | * Build Cross:: Actually compiling the cross-compiler. |
---|
| 902 | |
---|
| 903 | |
---|
| 904 | File: gcc.info, Node: Steps of Cross, Next: Configure Cross, Up: Cross-Compiler |
---|
| 905 | |
---|
| 906 | Steps of Cross-Compilation |
---|
| 907 | -------------------------- |
---|
| 908 | |
---|
| 909 | To compile and run a program using a cross-compiler involves several |
---|
| 910 | steps: |
---|
| 911 | |
---|
| 912 | * Run the cross-compiler on the host machine to produce assembler |
---|
| 913 | files for the target machine. This requires header files for the |
---|
| 914 | target machine. |
---|
| 915 | |
---|
| 916 | * Assemble the files produced by the cross-compiler. You can do this |
---|
| 917 | either with an assembler on the target machine, or with a |
---|
| 918 | cross-assembler on the host machine. |
---|
| 919 | |
---|
| 920 | * Link those files to make an executable. You can do this either |
---|
| 921 | with a linker on the target machine, or with a cross-linker on the |
---|
| 922 | host machine. Whichever machine you use, you need libraries and |
---|
| 923 | certain startup files (typically `crt....o') for the target |
---|
| 924 | machine. |
---|
| 925 | |
---|
| 926 | It is most convenient to do all of these steps on the same host |
---|
| 927 | machine, since then you can do it all with a single invocation of GNU |
---|
| 928 | CC. This requires a suitable cross-assembler and cross-linker. For |
---|
| 929 | some targets, the GNU assembler and linker are available. |
---|
| 930 | |
---|
| 931 | |
---|
| 932 | File: gcc.info, Node: Configure Cross, Next: Tools and Libraries, Prev: Steps of Cross, Up: Cross-Compiler |
---|
| 933 | |
---|
| 934 | Configuring a Cross-Compiler |
---|
| 935 | ---------------------------- |
---|
| 936 | |
---|
| 937 | To build GNU CC as a cross-compiler, you start out by running |
---|
| 938 | `configure'. Use the `--target=TARGET' to specify the target type. If |
---|
| 939 | `configure' was unable to correctly identify the system you are running |
---|
| 940 | on, also specify the `--build=BUILD' option. For example, here is how |
---|
| 941 | to configure for a cross-compiler that produces code for an HP 68030 |
---|
| 942 | system running BSD on a system that `configure' can correctly identify: |
---|
| 943 | |
---|
| 944 | ./configure --target=m68k-hp-bsd4.3 |
---|
| 945 | |
---|
| 946 | |
---|
| 947 | File: gcc.info, Node: Tools and Libraries, Next: Cross Headers, Prev: Configure Cross, Up: Cross-Compiler |
---|
| 948 | |
---|
| 949 | Tools and Libraries for a Cross-Compiler |
---|
| 950 | ---------------------------------------- |
---|
| 951 | |
---|
| 952 | If you have a cross-assembler and cross-linker available, you should |
---|
| 953 | install them now. Put them in the directory `/usr/local/TARGET/bin'. |
---|
| 954 | Here is a table of the tools you should put in this directory: |
---|
| 955 | |
---|
| 956 | `as' |
---|
| 957 | This should be the cross-assembler. |
---|
| 958 | |
---|
| 959 | `ld' |
---|
| 960 | This should be the cross-linker. |
---|
| 961 | |
---|
| 962 | `ar' |
---|
| 963 | This should be the cross-archiver: a program which can manipulate |
---|
| 964 | archive files (linker libraries) in the target machine's format. |
---|
| 965 | |
---|
| 966 | `ranlib' |
---|
| 967 | This should be a program to construct a symbol table in an archive |
---|
| 968 | file. |
---|
| 969 | |
---|
| 970 | The installation of GNU CC will find these programs in that |
---|
| 971 | directory, and copy or link them to the proper place to for the |
---|
| 972 | cross-compiler to find them when run later. |
---|
| 973 | |
---|
| 974 | The easiest way to provide these files is to build the Binutils |
---|
| 975 | package and GAS. Configure them with the same `--host' and `--target' |
---|
| 976 | options that you use for configuring GNU CC, then build and install |
---|
| 977 | them. They install their executables automatically into the proper |
---|
| 978 | directory. Alas, they do not support all the targets that GNU CC |
---|
| 979 | supports. |
---|
| 980 | |
---|
| 981 | If you want to install libraries to use with the cross-compiler, |
---|
| 982 | such as a standard C library, put them in the directory |
---|
| 983 | `/usr/local/TARGET/lib'; installation of GNU CC copies all all the |
---|
| 984 | files in that subdirectory into the proper place for GNU CC to find |
---|
| 985 | them and link with them. Here's an example of copying some libraries |
---|
| 986 | from a target machine: |
---|
| 987 | |
---|
| 988 | ftp TARGET-MACHINE |
---|
| 989 | lcd /usr/local/TARGET/lib |
---|
| 990 | cd /lib |
---|
| 991 | get libc.a |
---|
| 992 | cd /usr/lib |
---|
| 993 | get libg.a |
---|
| 994 | get libm.a |
---|
| 995 | quit |
---|
| 996 | |
---|
| 997 | The precise set of libraries you'll need, and their locations on the |
---|
| 998 | target machine, vary depending on its operating system. |
---|
| 999 | |
---|
| 1000 | Many targets require "start files" such as `crt0.o' and `crtn.o' |
---|
| 1001 | which are linked into each executable; these too should be placed in |
---|
| 1002 | `/usr/local/TARGET/lib'. There may be several alternatives for |
---|
| 1003 | `crt0.o', for use with profiling or other compilation options. Check |
---|
| 1004 | your target's definition of `STARTFILE_SPEC' to find out what start |
---|
| 1005 | files it uses. Here's an example of copying these files from a target |
---|
| 1006 | machine: |
---|
| 1007 | |
---|
| 1008 | ftp TARGET-MACHINE |
---|
| 1009 | lcd /usr/local/TARGET/lib |
---|
| 1010 | prompt |
---|
| 1011 | cd /lib |
---|
| 1012 | mget *crt*.o |
---|
| 1013 | cd /usr/lib |
---|
| 1014 | mget *crt*.o |
---|
| 1015 | quit |
---|
| 1016 | |
---|
| 1017 | |
---|
| 1018 | File: gcc.info, Node: Cross Runtime, Next: Build Cross, Prev: Cross Headers, Up: Cross-Compiler |
---|
| 1019 | |
---|
| 1020 | `libgcc.a' and Cross-Compilers |
---|
| 1021 | ------------------------------ |
---|
| 1022 | |
---|
| 1023 | Code compiled by GNU CC uses certain runtime support functions |
---|
| 1024 | implicitly. Some of these functions can be compiled successfully with |
---|
| 1025 | GNU CC itself, but a few cannot be. These problem functions are in the |
---|
| 1026 | source file `libgcc1.c'; the library made from them is called |
---|
| 1027 | `libgcc1.a'. |
---|
| 1028 | |
---|
| 1029 | When you build a native compiler, these functions are compiled with |
---|
| 1030 | some other compiler-the one that you use for bootstrapping GNU CC. |
---|
| 1031 | Presumably it knows how to open code these operations, or else knows how |
---|
| 1032 | to call the run-time emulation facilities that the machine comes with. |
---|
| 1033 | But this approach doesn't work for building a cross-compiler. The |
---|
| 1034 | compiler that you use for building knows about the host system, not the |
---|
| 1035 | target system. |
---|
| 1036 | |
---|
| 1037 | So, when you build a cross-compiler you have to supply a suitable |
---|
| 1038 | library `libgcc1.a' that does the job it is expected to do. |
---|
| 1039 | |
---|
| 1040 | To compile `libgcc1.c' with the cross-compiler itself does not work. |
---|
| 1041 | The functions in this file are supposed to implement arithmetic |
---|
| 1042 | operations that GNU CC does not know how to open code for your target |
---|
| 1043 | machine. If these functions are compiled with GNU CC itself, they will |
---|
| 1044 | compile into infinite recursion. |
---|
| 1045 | |
---|
| 1046 | On any given target, most of these functions are not needed. If GNU |
---|
| 1047 | CC can open code an arithmetic operation, it will not call these |
---|
| 1048 | functions to perform the operation. It is possible that on your target |
---|
| 1049 | machine, none of these functions is needed. If so, you can supply an |
---|
| 1050 | empty library as `libgcc1.a'. |
---|
| 1051 | |
---|
| 1052 | Many targets need library support only for multiplication and |
---|
| 1053 | division. If you are linking with a library that contains functions for |
---|
| 1054 | multiplication and division, you can tell GNU CC to call them directly |
---|
| 1055 | by defining the macros `MULSI3_LIBCALL', and the like. These macros |
---|
| 1056 | need to be defined in the target description macro file. For some |
---|
| 1057 | targets, they are defined already. This may be sufficient to avoid the |
---|
| 1058 | need for libgcc1.a; if so, you can supply an empty library. |
---|
| 1059 | |
---|
| 1060 | Some targets do not have floating point instructions; they need other |
---|
| 1061 | functions in `libgcc1.a', which do floating arithmetic. Recent |
---|
| 1062 | versions of GNU CC have a file which emulates floating point. With a |
---|
| 1063 | certain amount of work, you should be able to construct a floating |
---|
| 1064 | point emulator that can be used as `libgcc1.a'. Perhaps future |
---|
| 1065 | versions will contain code to do this automatically and conveniently. |
---|
| 1066 | That depends on whether someone wants to implement it. |
---|
| 1067 | |
---|
| 1068 | Some embedded targets come with all the necessary `libgcc1.a' |
---|
| 1069 | routines written in C or assembler. These targets build `libgcc1.a' |
---|
| 1070 | automatically and you do not need to do anything special for them. |
---|
| 1071 | Other embedded targets do not need any `libgcc1.a' routines since all |
---|
| 1072 | the necessary operations are supported by the hardware. |
---|
| 1073 | |
---|
| 1074 | If your target system has another C compiler, you can configure GNU |
---|
| 1075 | CC as a native compiler on that machine, build just `libgcc1.a' with |
---|
| 1076 | `make libgcc1.a' on that machine, and use the resulting file with the |
---|
| 1077 | cross-compiler. To do this, execute the following on the target |
---|
| 1078 | machine: |
---|
| 1079 | |
---|
| 1080 | cd TARGET-BUILD-DIR |
---|
| 1081 | ./configure --host=sparc --target=sun3 |
---|
| 1082 | make libgcc1.a |
---|
| 1083 | |
---|
| 1084 | And then this on the host machine: |
---|
| 1085 | |
---|
| 1086 | ftp TARGET-MACHINE |
---|
| 1087 | binary |
---|
| 1088 | cd TARGET-BUILD-DIR |
---|
| 1089 | get libgcc1.a |
---|
| 1090 | quit |
---|
| 1091 | |
---|
| 1092 | Another way to provide the functions you need in `libgcc1.a' is to |
---|
| 1093 | define the appropriate `perform_...' macros for those functions. If |
---|
| 1094 | these definitions do not use the C arithmetic operators that they are |
---|
| 1095 | meant to implement, you should be able to compile them with the |
---|
| 1096 | cross-compiler you are building. (If these definitions already exist |
---|
| 1097 | for your target file, then you are all set.) |
---|
| 1098 | |
---|
| 1099 | To build `libgcc1.a' using the perform macros, use |
---|
| 1100 | `LIBGCC1=libgcc1.a OLDCC=./xgcc' when building the compiler. |
---|
| 1101 | Otherwise, you should place your replacement library under the name |
---|
| 1102 | `libgcc1.a' in the directory in which you will build the |
---|
| 1103 | cross-compiler, before you run `make'. |
---|
| 1104 | |
---|
| 1105 | |
---|
| 1106 | File: gcc.info, Node: Cross Headers, Next: Cross Runtime, Prev: Tools and Libraries, Up: Cross-Compiler |
---|
| 1107 | |
---|
| 1108 | Cross-Compilers and Header Files |
---|
| 1109 | -------------------------------- |
---|
| 1110 | |
---|
| 1111 | If you are cross-compiling a standalone program or a program for an |
---|
| 1112 | embedded system, then you may not need any header files except the few |
---|
| 1113 | that are part of GNU CC (and those of your program). However, if you |
---|
| 1114 | intend to link your program with a standard C library such as `libc.a', |
---|
| 1115 | then you probably need to compile with the header files that go with |
---|
| 1116 | the library you use. |
---|
| 1117 | |
---|
| 1118 | The GNU C compiler does not come with these files, because (1) they |
---|
| 1119 | are system-specific, and (2) they belong in a C library, not in a |
---|
| 1120 | compiler. |
---|
| 1121 | |
---|
| 1122 | If the GNU C library supports your target machine, then you can get |
---|
| 1123 | the header files from there (assuming you actually use the GNU library |
---|
| 1124 | when you link your program). |
---|
| 1125 | |
---|
| 1126 | If your target machine comes with a C compiler, it probably comes |
---|
| 1127 | with suitable header files also. If you make these files accessible |
---|
| 1128 | from the host machine, the cross-compiler can use them also. |
---|
| 1129 | |
---|
| 1130 | Otherwise, you're on your own in finding header files to use when |
---|
| 1131 | cross-compiling. |
---|
| 1132 | |
---|
| 1133 | When you have found suitable header files, put them in |
---|
| 1134 | `/usr/local/TARGET/include', before building the cross compiler. Then |
---|
| 1135 | installation will run fixincludes properly and install the corrected |
---|
| 1136 | versions of the header files where the compiler will use them. |
---|
| 1137 | |
---|
| 1138 | Provide the header files before you build the cross-compiler, because |
---|
| 1139 | the build stage actually runs the cross-compiler to produce parts of |
---|
| 1140 | `libgcc.a'. (These are the parts that *can* be compiled with GNU CC.) |
---|
| 1141 | Some of them need suitable header files. |
---|
| 1142 | |
---|
| 1143 | Here's an example showing how to copy the header files from a target |
---|
| 1144 | machine. On the target machine, do this: |
---|
| 1145 | |
---|
| 1146 | (cd /usr/include; tar cf - .) > tarfile |
---|
| 1147 | |
---|
| 1148 | Then, on the host machine, do this: |
---|
| 1149 | |
---|
| 1150 | ftp TARGET-MACHINE |
---|
| 1151 | lcd /usr/local/TARGET/include |
---|
| 1152 | get tarfile |
---|
| 1153 | quit |
---|
| 1154 | tar xf tarfile |
---|
| 1155 | |
---|