1 | package File::Spec; |
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2 | |
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3 | use strict; |
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4 | our(@ISA, $VERSION); |
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5 | |
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6 | $VERSION = 0.83 ; |
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7 | |
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8 | my %module = (MacOS => 'Mac', |
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9 | MSWin32 => 'Win32', |
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10 | os2 => 'OS2', |
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11 | VMS => 'VMS', |
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12 | epoc => 'Epoc', |
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13 | NetWare => 'Win32', # Yes, File::Spec::Win32 works on NetWare. |
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14 | dos => 'OS2', # Yes, File::Spec::OS2 works on DJGPP. |
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15 | cygwin => 'Cygwin'); |
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16 | |
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17 | |
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18 | my $module = $module{$^O} || 'Unix'; |
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19 | |
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20 | require "File/Spec/$module.pm"; |
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21 | @ISA = ("File::Spec::$module"); |
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22 | |
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23 | 1; |
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24 | |
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25 | __END__ |
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26 | |
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27 | =head1 NAME |
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28 | |
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29 | File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names |
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30 | |
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31 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
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32 | |
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33 | use File::Spec; |
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34 | |
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35 | $x=File::Spec->catfile('a', 'b', 'c'); |
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36 | |
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37 | which returns 'a/b/c' under Unix. Or: |
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38 | |
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39 | use File::Spec::Functions; |
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40 | |
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41 | $x = catfile('a', 'b', 'c'); |
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42 | |
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43 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
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44 | |
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45 | This module is designed to support operations commonly performed on file |
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46 | specifications (usually called "file names", but not to be confused with the |
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47 | contents of a file, or Perl's file handles), such as concatenating several |
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48 | directory and file names into a single path, or determining whether a path |
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49 | is rooted. It is based on code directly taken from MakeMaker 5.17, code |
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50 | written by Andreas KE<ouml>nig, Andy Dougherty, Charles Bailey, Ilya |
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51 | Zakharevich, Paul Schinder, and others. |
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52 | |
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53 | Since these functions are different for most operating systems, each set of |
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54 | OS specific routines is available in a separate module, including: |
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55 | |
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56 | File::Spec::Unix |
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57 | File::Spec::Mac |
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58 | File::Spec::OS2 |
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59 | File::Spec::Win32 |
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60 | File::Spec::VMS |
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61 | |
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62 | The module appropriate for the current OS is automatically loaded by |
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63 | File::Spec. Since some modules (like VMS) make use of facilities available |
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64 | only under that OS, it may not be possible to load all modules under all |
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65 | operating systems. |
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66 | |
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67 | Since File::Spec is object oriented, subroutines should not be called directly, |
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68 | as in: |
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69 | |
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70 | File::Spec::catfile('a','b'); |
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71 | |
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72 | but rather as class methods: |
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73 | |
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74 | File::Spec->catfile('a','b'); |
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75 | |
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76 | For simple uses, L<File::Spec::Functions> provides convenient functional |
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77 | forms of these methods. |
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78 | |
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79 | =head1 METHODS |
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80 | |
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81 | =over 2 |
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82 | |
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83 | =item canonpath |
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84 | |
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85 | No physical check on the filesystem, but a logical cleanup of a |
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86 | path. |
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87 | |
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88 | $cpath = File::Spec->canonpath( $path ) ; |
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89 | |
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90 | =item catdir |
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91 | |
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92 | Concatenate two or more directory names to form a complete path ending |
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93 | with a directory. But remove the trailing slash from the resulting |
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94 | string, because it doesn't look good, isn't necessary and confuses |
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95 | OS2. Of course, if this is the root directory, don't cut off the |
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96 | trailing slash :-) |
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97 | |
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98 | $path = File::Spec->catdir( @directories ); |
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99 | |
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100 | =item catfile |
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101 | |
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102 | Concatenate one or more directory names and a filename to form a |
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103 | complete path ending with a filename |
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104 | |
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105 | $path = File::Spec->catfile( @directories, $filename ); |
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106 | |
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107 | =item curdir |
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108 | |
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109 | Returns a string representation of the current directory. |
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110 | |
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111 | $curdir = File::Spec->curdir(); |
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112 | |
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113 | =item devnull |
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114 | |
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115 | Returns a string representation of the null device. |
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116 | |
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117 | $devnull = File::Spec->devnull(); |
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118 | |
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119 | =item rootdir |
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120 | |
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121 | Returns a string representation of the root directory. |
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122 | |
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123 | $rootdir = File::Spec->rootdir(); |
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124 | |
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125 | =item tmpdir |
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126 | |
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127 | Returns a string representation of the first writable directory from a |
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128 | list of possible temporary directories. Returns "" if no writable |
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129 | temporary directories are found. The list of directories checked |
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130 | depends on the platform; e.g. File::Spec::Unix checks $ENV{TMPDIR} and |
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131 | /tmp. |
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132 | |
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133 | $tmpdir = File::Spec->tmpdir(); |
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134 | |
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135 | =item updir |
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136 | |
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137 | Returns a string representation of the parent directory. |
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138 | |
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139 | $updir = File::Spec->updir(); |
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140 | |
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141 | =item no_upwards |
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142 | |
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143 | Given a list of file names, strip out those that refer to a parent |
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144 | directory. (Does not strip symlinks, only '.', '..', and equivalents.) |
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145 | |
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146 | @paths = File::Spec->no_upwards( @paths ); |
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147 | |
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148 | =item case_tolerant |
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149 | |
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150 | Returns a true or false value indicating, respectively, that alphabetic |
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151 | is not or is significant when comparing file specifications. |
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152 | |
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153 | $is_case_tolerant = File::Spec->case_tolerant(); |
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154 | |
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155 | =item file_name_is_absolute |
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156 | |
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157 | Takes as argument a path and returns true if it is an absolute path. |
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158 | |
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159 | $is_absolute = File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute( $path ); |
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160 | |
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161 | This does not consult the local filesystem on Unix, Win32, OS/2, or |
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162 | Mac OS (Classic). It does consult the working environment for VMS |
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163 | (see L<File::Spec::VMS/file_name_is_absolute>). |
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164 | |
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165 | =item path |
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166 | |
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167 | Takes no argument, returns the environment variable PATH as an array. |
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168 | |
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169 | @PATH = File::Spec->path(); |
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170 | |
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171 | =item join |
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172 | |
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173 | join is the same as catfile. |
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174 | |
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175 | =item splitpath |
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176 | |
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177 | Splits a path in to volume, directory, and filename portions. On systems |
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178 | with no concept of volume, returns undef for volume. |
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179 | |
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180 | ($volume,$directories,$file) = File::Spec->splitpath( $path ); |
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181 | ($volume,$directories,$file) = File::Spec->splitpath( $path, $no_file ); |
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182 | |
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183 | For systems with no syntax differentiating filenames from directories, |
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184 | assumes that the last file is a path unless $no_file is true or a |
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185 | trailing separator or /. or /.. is present. On Unix this means that $no_file |
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186 | true makes this return ( '', $path, '' ). |
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187 | |
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188 | The directory portion may or may not be returned with a trailing '/'. |
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189 | |
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190 | The results can be passed to L</catpath()> to get back a path equivalent to |
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191 | (usually identical to) the original path. |
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192 | |
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193 | =item splitdir |
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194 | |
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195 | The opposite of L</catdir()>. |
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196 | |
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197 | @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir( $directories ); |
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198 | |
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199 | $directories must be only the directory portion of the path on systems |
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200 | that have the concept of a volume or that have path syntax that differentiates |
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201 | files from directories. |
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202 | |
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203 | Unlike just splitting the directories on the separator, empty |
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204 | directory names (C<''>) can be returned, because these are significant |
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205 | on some OSs. |
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206 | |
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207 | =item catpath() |
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208 | |
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209 | Takes volume, directory and file portions and returns an entire path. Under |
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210 | Unix, $volume is ignored, and directory and file are catenated. A '/' is |
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211 | inserted if need be. On other OSs, $volume is significant. |
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212 | |
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213 | $full_path = File::Spec->catpath( $volume, $directory, $file ); |
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214 | |
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215 | =item abs2rel |
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216 | |
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217 | Takes a destination path and an optional base path returns a relative path |
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218 | from the base path to the destination path: |
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219 | |
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220 | $rel_path = File::Spec->abs2rel( $path ) ; |
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221 | $rel_path = File::Spec->abs2rel( $path, $base ) ; |
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222 | |
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223 | If $base is not present or '', then L<cwd()|Cwd> is used. If $base is relative, |
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224 | then it is converted to absolute form using L</rel2abs()>. This means that it |
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225 | is taken to be relative to L<cwd()|Cwd>. |
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226 | |
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227 | On systems with the concept of a volume, this assumes that both paths |
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228 | are on the $destination volume, and ignores the $base volume. |
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229 | |
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230 | On systems that have a grammar that indicates filenames, this ignores the |
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231 | $base filename as well. Otherwise all path components are assumed to be |
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232 | directories. |
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233 | |
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234 | If $path is relative, it is converted to absolute form using L</rel2abs()>. |
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235 | This means that it is taken to be relative to L<cwd()|Cwd>. |
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236 | |
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237 | No checks against the filesystem are made. On VMS, there is |
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238 | interaction with the working environment, as logicals and |
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239 | macros are expanded. |
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240 | |
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241 | Based on code written by Shigio Yamaguchi. |
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242 | |
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243 | =item rel2abs() |
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244 | |
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245 | Converts a relative path to an absolute path. |
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246 | |
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247 | $abs_path = File::Spec->rel2abs( $path ) ; |
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248 | $abs_path = File::Spec->rel2abs( $path, $base ) ; |
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249 | |
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250 | If $base is not present or '', then L<cwd()|Cwd> is used. If $base is relative, |
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251 | then it is converted to absolute form using L</rel2abs()>. This means that it |
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252 | is taken to be relative to L<cwd()|Cwd>. |
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253 | |
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254 | On systems with the concept of a volume, this assumes that both paths |
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255 | are on the $base volume, and ignores the $path volume. |
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256 | |
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257 | On systems that have a grammar that indicates filenames, this ignores the |
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258 | $base filename as well. Otherwise all path components are assumed to be |
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259 | directories. |
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260 | |
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261 | If $path is absolute, it is cleaned up and returned using L</canonpath()>. |
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262 | |
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263 | No checks against the filesystem are made. On VMS, there is |
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264 | interaction with the working environment, as logicals and |
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265 | macros are expanded. |
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266 | |
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267 | Based on code written by Shigio Yamaguchi. |
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268 | |
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269 | =back |
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270 | |
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271 | For further information, please see L<File::Spec::Unix>, |
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272 | L<File::Spec::Mac>, L<File::Spec::OS2>, L<File::Spec::Win32>, or |
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273 | L<File::Spec::VMS>. |
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274 | |
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275 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
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276 | |
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277 | L<File::Spec::Unix>, L<File::Spec::Mac>, L<File::Spec::OS2>, |
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278 | L<File::Spec::Win32>, L<File::Spec::VMS>, L<File::Spec::Functions>, |
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279 | L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker> |
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280 | |
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281 | =head1 AUTHORS |
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282 | |
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283 | Kenneth Albanowski <kjahds@kjahds.com>, Andy Dougherty |
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284 | <doughera@lafcol.lafayette.edu>, Andreas KE<ouml>nig |
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285 | <A.Koenig@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE>, Tim Bunce <Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk. |
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286 | VMS support by Charles Bailey <bailey@newman.upenn.edu>. |
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287 | OS/2 support by Ilya Zakharevich <ilya@math.ohio-state.edu>. |
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288 | Mac support by Paul Schinder <schinder@pobox.com>, and Thomas Wegner |
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289 | <wegner_thomas@yahoo.com>. abs2rel() and rel2abs() written by Shigio |
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290 | Yamaguchi <shigio@tamacom.com>, modified by Barrie Slaymaker |
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291 | <barries@slaysys.com>. splitpath(), splitdir(), catpath() and |
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292 | catdir() by Barrie Slaymaker. |
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